Organ Transplant
Bonnie Kalka
Mark MacDowell
PHL-103
December 4, 2012
Organ Transplantation
The history of transplantation is an epic journey describing the medical community’s need to understand how the human body works and how you can ultimately defy illness and death. The most important component is the generosity of organ and tissue donors, and the courage of those whom receive the transplant. Transplantation goes back many Centuries, in the 9th Century BC Ancient folklore in most cultures describe how supernatural forces weave together body parts from different animals. Then in the 4th Century BC Chinese texts describe Tsin Yue-Jen, a surgeon who switches the hearts of two soldiers; these accounts say that both soldiers survived, but give no reason for the transplant. This is the first known description of body-to-body transfer. In the 3rd Century AD according to Christian mythology Saints Cosmos and Damian replace a patient’s leg with that of a cadaver. This is the first description of the body of a dead person helping a living person. In the 1600’s William Harvey documents the human circulatory system, the first transfusion of blood which was from a lamb to a 15 year old boy was documented and the first bone transplant was documented where they used bone from a dog’s skull to repair a defect in a Russian soldier’s skull. In the 1800’s there is record of the first Human-To-Human blood transfusion, the first successful Human-To-Human bone transplant, first reported use of skin graft, and first attempts at bone marrow transplant. In the 1900’s much more successes have occurred in transplantation, such as, first successful cornea transplant, first transplant of a knee, first animal to human kidney transplant, first successful human-to-human kidney transplant, first functional blood bank, first eye bank, first bone bank, first heart valve and artery transplants, first successful liver transplant, first U.S. heart transplant, first successful single lung
Mark MacDowell
PHL-103
December 4, 2012
Organ Transplantation
The history of transplantation is an epic journey describing the medical community’s need to understand how the human body works and how you can ultimately defy illness and death. The most important component is the generosity of organ and tissue donors, and the courage of those whom receive the transplant. Transplantation goes back many Centuries, in the 9th Century BC Ancient folklore in most cultures describe how supernatural forces weave together body parts from different animals. Then in the 4th Century BC Chinese texts describe Tsin Yue-Jen, a surgeon who switches the hearts of two soldiers; these accounts say that both soldiers survived, but give no reason for the transplant. This is the first known description of body-to-body transfer. In the 3rd Century AD according to Christian mythology Saints Cosmos and Damian replace a patient’s leg with that of a cadaver. This is the first description of the body of a dead person helping a living person. In the 1600’s William Harvey documents the human circulatory system, the first transfusion of blood which was from a lamb to a 15 year old boy was documented and the first bone transplant was documented where they used bone from a dog’s skull to repair a defect in a Russian soldier’s skull. In the 1800’s there is record of the first Human-To-Human blood transfusion, the first successful Human-To-Human bone transplant, first reported use of skin graft, and first attempts at bone marrow transplant. In the 1900’s much more successes have occurred in transplantation, such as, first successful cornea transplant, first transplant of a knee, first animal to human kidney transplant, first successful human-to-human kidney transplant, first functional blood bank, first eye bank, first bone bank, first heart valve and artery transplants, first successful liver transplant, first U.S. heart transplant, first successful single lung
Cited: "Addressing a Vital Need." Organ Donation Network. TNNOD.org, 2012. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. . Adomaitis, Mary B. "Cons of Organ Donating." LoveToKnow. LoveToKnow Corp, 2012. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. . "Advisory Committee on Organ Transplantation." Organdonor.gov | Welcome to Organdonor.gov. Health Resources & Services Administration, 2012. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. . Calandrillo, Steve. "LifeSharers: An Opting-In Paradigm Already in Existence." Social Science Research Network. Social Science Electronic Publishing, 17 Nov. 2005. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. . "Death and Dying." Organ Donation and Transplantation. Advameg, 2012. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. . DELHI, SIMON ROBINSON/NEW. "India 's Black Market Organ Scandal." Time. Time, 01 Feb. 2008. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. . "Donate Life Ohio." Donate Life Ohio. Second Chance Trust Fund, 2012. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. . "Featured Story: Kidney Donations." Living Donors Online. National Kidney Foundation, 2012. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. . Graham, Walter K. United Network for Organ Sharing. Richmond: UNSO, 2012. Print. "Growing Market for Human Organs Exploits Poor." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 12 Mar. 2012. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. . Lohse, Meredith. "Cons of Organ Donation." LIVESTRONG.COM. Demand Media, 3 May 2011. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. . MacLeod, Calum. "Organ Harvesting Changes in China Will Be Tough to Realize." USA Today. Gannett Co., 15 May 2012. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. . " 'Opt Out ' System Could Solve Donor Organ Shortage, Says Researcher." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 03 Nov. 2008. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. . "Organ Donation & Transplant Information." Organ Donation & Transplant Information. Silver Cross Hospital, 2012. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. . Rhea, Shawn. "Organ Donation Ethics." Organ Donation Ethics. The Cherry Hill (NJ) Post Courier., 8 Jan. 2006. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. . Roberts, John. "Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network." OPTN: Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Health Resources and Services Administration, 2012. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. . Roberts, John. "Uniting People and Information to Help save Lives." OPTN: Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Health Resources and Services Administration, 2012. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. . Staff, Mayo Clinic. "Organ Donation: Don 't Let These Myths Confuse You." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 03 Apr. 2010. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. . Staff, Mayo Clinic. "Organ Donation: Don 't Let These Myths Confuse You." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical and Research, 03 Apr. 2010. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. . "Transplant Benefits." Hummana. Demand Media, 2012. Web. 1 Oct. 2012. . "Transplant Living | About Organ Allocation." Transplant Living | About Organ Allocation. Transplant Living, 2012. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. . "Transplant Living | Being a Living Donor | Qualifications." Transplant Living. United Network for Organ Sharing, 2012. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. . Wickman, Gary. "Organ Donation Pros and Cons." Health Guidance. Healthguidance.org., 2012. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. . Wilcox, Kristen. "Experience." New Guidelines for Organ Donation. Maslon, 2012. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. . Wiley-Blackwell. "Europe Needs to Tackle Legal, Ethical and Cultural Barriers to Child Organ Donation." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 08 Sept. 2011. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. .