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Nutritional and environmental impact on carcinogenesis

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Nutritional and environmental impact on carcinogenesis
Nutritional and environmental impact on carcinogenesis

Nutritional and environmental impact on carcinogenesis
Tumor:
A mass of cells which growth is atypical when referenced to the normal surrounding tissue structure.
Neoplasm:
Literally means “new growth” and is a term commonly used the same way that the term tumor is used.


An abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in the same excessive manner after cessation of the stimuli that evoked the change

Causes:

1. genetic
2. environmental

Nutritional and environmental impact on carcinogenesis

Genetic evidence
1. induction of genes (activated oncogenes)
 loss of contact inhibition + uncontrolled division
2. transgenic mice (knock-out mice)  higher incidence of cancer
3. BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutation  familial breast and ovarian cancer
4. familial polyposis coli  mutations in the
Adenoma-Polyposis coli gene

Nutritional and environmental impact on carcinogenesis

Genetic and environmental factors in tumor development

Death rates from gastric, liver, colon and prostate cancers in
Japanese
compared to
California whites

Nutritional and environmental impact on carcinogenesis
Agent

Occupation

Cancer site

Ionizing radiations, radon

Certain underground miners

bronchus

X-rays, radium

Radiologists, radiographers

skin

Radium

luminous dial painters

bone

Ultraviolet radiation

Farmers, sailors....

skin

Polycyclic hydrocarbons in soot chimney sweepers,oil workers

scrotum, skin, bronchus

2-Naphthylamine; 1naphthylamine

Rubber workers

bladder

Benzidine;
4-aminobiphenyl

Chemical workers

bladder

Asbestos

shipyard and insulation workers

mesothelioma lung

Arsenic

sheep dip manufacturers, gold miners skin and bronchus

Benzene

workers with glues, varnishes, etc.

Bone marrow (leukemia)

Vinyl chloride
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