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Northern Europe Answers
CHAPTER 18: Northern Europe, 1500 to 1600

During the 16th century, artists from Europe north of the Alps (Flanders, Germany, and France) become more aware of Italian art styles and humanist ideas.

Some artists retain a northern emotional expressiveness and the traditional northern concern for detail but many attempt to incorporate Italian Renaissance ideas into their work. Albrecht Dürer is the leader in bringing Italian ideas to Germany.

Art and society in Europe are increasingly impacted by issues arising from the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther.

Works to identify and know in depth:

Artist Title Date

Dürer Fall of Man 1500s (18-1)

[pic]

Grünewald Isenheim Altarpiece 1500s (18-2)

[pic]

Dürer Great Piece of Turf 1500s (18-4)

[pic]

Dürer Four Apostles 1500s (18-6)

[pic]

Altdorfer Battle of Issus 1500s (18-8)

[pic]

Holbein The French Ambassadors 1500s (18-9)

[pic]

Bosch Garden of Earthly Delights 1500s (18-13)

[pic]

Massys Money Changer and his Wife 1500s (18-15)

[pic]

Pieter Bruegel the Elder Hunters in the Snow 1500s (18-21)

[pic]

Questions to prepare for Exam 2 (as well as the 5 numbered questions on study sheet for Ch 14):

What especially interested Albrecht Dürer on his visits to Italy? Why did he make prints? What Italian ideas did he incorporate into Fall of Man? What is typically northern about this work?

Why are Saint Anthony and Saint Sebastian featured on the Isenheim Altarpiece?

What features seen in the Battle of Issus would suggest it was painted in Germany rather than Italy? Why did the Duke of Bavaria commission this painting?

Why did Hans Holbein go to England?

Definitions: four temperaments: melancholic easily depressed elk phlegmatic sluggish, apathetic ox sanguine sturdy, cheerful rabbit choleric hot-tempered cat iconoclasm: opposition to and destruction of religious
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