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Neuropsicologia

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Neuropsicologia
Neurociência A neurociência é o estudo da realização física do processo de informação no sistema nervoso humano animal e humano. O estudo da neurociência engloba três áreas principais: a neurofisiologia, a neuroanatomia e neuropsicologia. A neurofisiologia é o estudo das funções do sistema nervoso. Ela utiliza eletrodos para estimular e gravar a reação das células nervosas ou de área maiores do cérebro. Ocasionalmente, separaram as conexões nervosas para avaliar os resultados. A neuroanatomia é o estudo da estrutura do sistema nervoso, em nível microscópico e macroscópico. Os neuroanatomistas dissecam o cérebro, a coluna vertebral e os nervos periféricos fora dessa estrutura. A neuropsicologia é o estudo da relação entre as funções neurais e psicológicas. A principal pergunta da neuropsicologia é qual área específica do cérebro controla ou media as funções psicológicas. O principal método de estudo usado pelos neuropsicólogos é o estudo do comportamento ou mudanças cognitivas que acompanham lesões em partes específicas do cérebro. Estudos experimentais com indivíduos normais também são comuns.
Estrutura e funcionamento do sistema nervoso Observando a estrutura do sistema nervoso, percebemos que eles têm partes situadas dentro do cérebro e da coluna vertebral e outras distribuídas por todo corpo. As primeiras recebem o nome coletivo de sistema nervoso central (SNC), e as últimas de sistema nervoso periférico (SNP). É no sistema nervoso central que está a grande maioria das células nervosas, seus prolongamentos e os contatos que fazem entre si. No sistema nervoso periférico estão relativamente poucas células, mas um grande número de prolongamentos chamados fibras nervosas, agrupados em filetes alongados chamados nervos. Os nervos (conjunto de neurônios) podem ser divididos em nervos que levam informação para o SNC e nervos que levam informação do SNC. Os primeiros são chamados fibras aferentes e os últimos de fibras eferentes. As

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