Neurologic Disorder
1.What is the Glasgow Coma Scale? The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The GCS is an objective assessment that defines the level of consciousness by giving it a numeric value
2.What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)? A stroke resulting from intracranial bleeding into the cerebrospinal fluid–filled space between the arachnoid and pia mater membranes on the surface of the brain
3.What are the causes of an SAH? rupture of a cerebral aneurysm (congenital or acquired weakness and ballooning of vessels).
4.What are C.J.'s risk factors for SAH? Gender, smoking, hypertension, remote use of cocaine
5.How is the diagnosis of SAH made? patient's history and physical examination, Ct scan(predicting the development of vasospasm.)
6.How are SAHs graded? based upon the initial neurologic examination and the appearance of blood on the initial head CT. The 2 clinical scales most often employed are the Hunt and Hess and the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grading systems. A third, the Fischer scale, classifies subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) based on computed tomography (CT) scan appearance and quantification of subarachnoid blood. 7.What kinds of aneurysms cause SAH? Cerebral aneurysm (ruptured aneurysm)
8.What is the recommended treatment for SAH? Craniotomy (cutting a hole in the skull) and aneurysm clipping -- to close the aneurysm or isolate an aneurysm from the normal circulation without blocking off any small perforating arteries nearby. Endovascular coiling -- placing coils in the aneurysm to reduce the risk of further bleeding
9.What are the main complications associated with SAH? rebleeding before surgery or other therapy is initiated and cerebral vasospasm (narrowing of the large blood vessels at the base of the brain), which can result in cerebral infarction, hydrocephalus 10.Identify the treatment given after SAH to prevent the previously described complications.
Rebleeding- Antifibrinolytic drugs that prevent the dissolution of the fibrin
2.What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)? A stroke resulting from intracranial bleeding into the cerebrospinal fluid–filled space between the arachnoid and pia mater membranes on the surface of the brain
3.What are the causes of an SAH? rupture of a cerebral aneurysm (congenital or acquired weakness and ballooning of vessels).
4.What are C.J.'s risk factors for SAH? Gender, smoking, hypertension, remote use of cocaine
5.How is the diagnosis of SAH made? patient's history and physical examination, Ct scan(predicting the development of vasospasm.)
6.How are SAHs graded? based upon the initial neurologic examination and the appearance of blood on the initial head CT. The 2 clinical scales most often employed are the Hunt and Hess and the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grading systems. A third, the Fischer scale, classifies subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) based on computed tomography (CT) scan appearance and quantification of subarachnoid blood. 7.What kinds of aneurysms cause SAH? Cerebral aneurysm (ruptured aneurysm)
8.What is the recommended treatment for SAH? Craniotomy (cutting a hole in the skull) and aneurysm clipping -- to close the aneurysm or isolate an aneurysm from the normal circulation without blocking off any small perforating arteries nearby. Endovascular coiling -- placing coils in the aneurysm to reduce the risk of further bleeding
9.What are the main complications associated with SAH? rebleeding before surgery or other therapy is initiated and cerebral vasospasm (narrowing of the large blood vessels at the base of the brain), which can result in cerebral infarction, hydrocephalus 10.Identify the treatment given after SAH to prevent the previously described complications.
Rebleeding- Antifibrinolytic drugs that prevent the dissolution of the fibrin