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"Explore how time and place are used in the prescribed speeches to shape the audience's understanding of how knowledge of the past sheds light on the present" - HSC 2013

Speeches form an interpretation of historical events and values which are moulded around the speaker's opinions and ideology. Paul Keating's 'Funeral Service of the Unknown Australian Soldier' 1993 and Noel Pearson's 'An Australian History for Us All' 1996, demonstrate a contrast between how a historical and contextual understanding of these speeches helps create the necessary apperception on the given audience to convey the speaker's message appropriately. Despite the fact that both speeches were given in the mid 1990s, they were addressed to different types of audiences; Pearson's being delivered to a small, highly academic audience, while Keating's was broadcasted to the entire nation. They also addressed differing topics addressing patriotism within Australian society; the history of Indigenous mistreatment, and Australian participation in war, and were therefore perceived quite individually.

Pearson's speech was quite inaccessible because of its academic nature, but with consideration to the specific audience he was addressing at the time, he demonstrates careful consideration of kairos. To emphasise his status to the alumni and academics at the University of Western Sydney, he introduces himself through his academic credentials for the audience to both respect and consider the issues he raises within his speech. Pearson also sets up a definitive social divide between the well educated population and the rest of Australian society. "Revise we historians must." demonstrates his deliberate effort to include himself amongst rest of his audience, as well as calling upon the audience to reconsider the past from how it is publicly portrayed, to how he urges the audience to interpret it. In comparison, Keating's speech was aimed to be widely accessible to create a patriotic atmosphere amongst

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