Modern Science and Tech in India
in India and Information technology in India. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai—a physicist considered to be 'the father of India's space program'—[1] was instrumental in the creation of both the Indian Space Research Organisation and the Physical Research Laboratory (Ahemadabad).Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India (office: 15 August 1947 – 27 May 1964), initiated reforms to promote higher education, science, technology in India.[2] The Indian Institute of Technology — conceived by a 22 member committee of scholars and entrepreneurs in order to promote technical education — was inaugurated on 18 August 1951 at Kharagpur in West Bengal by then minister of education Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.[3] Beginning in the 1960s, close ties with the Soviet Union enabled the Indian Space Research Organization to rapidly develop the Indian space program and advance nuclear power in India even after the first nuclear test explosion by India on May 18, 1974 at Pokhran.[4]
India accounts for about 10% of all expenditure on research and development in Asia and the number of scientific publications grew by 45% over the past five years.[5] However, according to India's science and technology minister, Kapil Sibal, India is lagging in science and technology compared to developed countries.[6] India has only 140 researchers per 1,000,000 population, compared to 4,651 in the United States.[6] India invested US$3.7 billion in science and technology in 2002-2003.[7] For comparison, China invested about four times more than India, while the United States invested approximately 75 times more than India on science and technology.[7] Despite this, five Indian Institutes of Technology were listed among the top 10 science and technology schools in Asia by Asiaweek.[8] One study argued that Indian science did not suffer from lack of funds but from unethical practices, the urge to make illegal money, misuse of power, frivolous publications and patents, faulty promotion policies,
India accounts for about 10% of all expenditure on research and development in Asia and the number of scientific publications grew by 45% over the past five years.[5] However, according to India's science and technology minister, Kapil Sibal, India is lagging in science and technology compared to developed countries.[6] India has only 140 researchers per 1,000,000 population, compared to 4,651 in the United States.[6] India invested US$3.7 billion in science and technology in 2002-2003.[7] For comparison, China invested about four times more than India, while the United States invested approximately 75 times more than India on science and technology.[7] Despite this, five Indian Institutes of Technology were listed among the top 10 science and technology schools in Asia by Asiaweek.[8] One study argued that Indian science did not suffer from lack of funds but from unethical practices, the urge to make illegal money, misuse of power, frivolous publications and patents, faulty promotion policies,