(A)Adult worms in meninges lay eggs (B) eggs go into circulation, reaches the lungs (C) hatches into larvae L1. The L1 migrate up bronchial tree (D) to pharynx, coughed, swallowed, feces (E). L1 infects snails or slug through foot. L3 takes approximately 3 weeks. F-S with L3 are ingested penetrates abomasum, spinal nerves to spinal cord. Mature 20-30 days to adults. Adults migrate to subdural space to brain from ingestion to exit of eggs in feces (prepatent period).…
Staphylococcus aureus is very heat resistant and reheating foods will not destroy it, although the bacteria may be destroyed (www.sunysccc.edu). About 30 per cent of healthy humans are carriers of S. aureus, they have the bacteria on their skin without any active infection or disease. Staphylococci hide their antigens to avoid an immune response many different ways to include killing infection-fighting cells (phagocytes), surviving within host infection-fighting cells, and developing a resistance to antibiotics (www. dermnetnz.org)…
Lymphatic filariasis is an extremely painful infection of the lymphatic system. It is caused when thread-like filarial parasites are transmitted to humans through mosquitoes. There are three forms of the parasites which are Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timorican. The most common is Wuchereia bancrofti. When the mosquito bites the human, it injects the larvae into the blood stream which then circulates into the lymphatic system. The parasites can live up to six years in a human. The disease is most common in tropical areas and sub-tropical areas such as mid-Africa and southern Asia due to their elevated temperatures and moist climate CITATION Sab14 \l 1033 (Institute, 2014).…
In order to understand a little bit about the effects of common household drugs such as nicotine and caffeine on pulsation rate, an experiment was conducted with Lumbriculus Variegattus (Blackworms). In week 1, we observed the basal rate of three different worms, and then placed the same three worms on different concentrations of caffeine and nicotine. “Caffeine is known to act as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain; it promotes sleep and suppresses aurosal, binding to the adenosine neurotransmitter receptor to block its inhibitory action” (CCNY lab manual, 2014). Before our experiment was conducted we hypothesized that increasing the concentration of caffeine will increase the pulsation rate. During this experiment we used 1.0mM, 3.0mM, and 10.0mM concentrations of caffeine. The highest the concentration the more effect it would have on the pulsation rate, so in this case we could assume that 10.0mM would have the highest effect on the pulsation rate of the blackworms.…
Lumbriculus variegatus, or blackworms, are part of the segmented worms called annelids. The body is organized into repeated segments. It has a closed circulatory system, similar to humans because the blood is contained within blood vessels. Two major blood vessels, the ventral and dorsal vessels, run straight from the head to the tail, and several vessels connect the two in the anterior segments. The dorsal blood vessel acts similar to the heart, pumping the blood through wavelike contractions of its muscular walls. Blackworms have bright, red blood because of the presence of a hemoglobin-like pigment, erythrocruorin, which transports oxygen. Because the body wall of the worm is transparent, the blackworm’s pulse is visible as the dorsal…
1. A functional cell could be built with a single chromosome,cytoplasm,a cell membrane, and ribosomes.Why are these four components absolutely necessary to the functional cell? If these structures are all a cell needs, why do most cells have many more structures?…
tract of humans and other vertebrates, insects, and soil. Infections due to C. perfringens show evidence…
Table 1 – This shows the results of the duplicates at the concentration of the 10-6 and the 10-7 along with the mean values…
Parasite you can get tape worm and ring worm you would find it on your body and faeces if you find it you would need to…
Global Health - Division of Parasitic Diseases . (2010, February 28). Malaria. Retrieved September 3, 2011, from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/disease.html…
Parasites are organisms that make their living by residing attached to or within another organism. They use the organism for food, shelter, and a place to reproduce. Depending on the parasite the number of hosts may vary, as well as the transmission and effects. Yet, in most cases of parasite infection the host is negatively affected, and often times falls ill; not only due to a natural immune…
First off plastic is much cheaper for them to use than any natural product. Saving money in the production stage helps them create more profits in the end. They also use them because using these plastics are smooth and make the products able to be used on a daily basis. If they switched it out to a natural substitute it would make the product rougher and most people would not use it on a daily basis. A consumer using a product more means they need to restock causing higher sales and more profits for the corporations creating this product. When confronted about these problems many companies will try to spread the blame and come up with excuses on why they can We need to take a stand against companies who want to put their own profits in front…
An experiment was conducted to study and explore the circulatory system by exposing Lumbriculus variegatus, black worms, to household drugs. Lumbriculus variegatus was chosen as the experimental organism because of their transparent bodies and their simple physiology.…
Hardy-Weinburg Theorem: Frequencies of alleles and genotypes are preserved from generation to generation in populations that are not evolving…
Colonies of S. warneri are usually tan, yellow and about 2-4mm in diameter after 48…