Mechanisms and Physiology of Regeneration in Urodeles
Mechanism and Physiology of Regeneration in Urodeles
2013
Mechanism and Physiology of Regeneration in Urodeles Urodeles or more commonly known as salamanders are any of approximately 550 extant species of amphibians under the Order Caudata.1 Urodeles’ distinctive factor that makes them different from other amphibians like frogs and caecilians is the retention of a full tail. Frogs actually lose their tail after leaving the larval stage and on the other hand, caecilians lack or have a small tails.29 In form, urodeles resemble a typical lizard. Generally, the skin of urodeles lack scales and affirms to be soft and smooth to the touch except for the newts of the Salamandridae, which appears to be warty or velvety that is wet to the touch. Their skins appear to be brightly colored or drab which exhibit patterns such as spots, bars, strips and dots.8 They also lack true claws and have a slightly flattened tail.29 The term newts refers to a more restrictive type of salamander, most of which are aquatic.15 The size of the urodeles generally ranges from 2.7 cm (1.1 in.) for the minute salamander species and 1.8 m (5.9 ft.) for Chinese giant salamander. But on the average, most salamander species sizes range from 10 to 20 cm (3.9 – 7.9 in.) Urodeles are found in temperate and subtropical climates in the Northern Hemisphere but do not reach the tropics in the New World. Important families of urodeles include Karausus, Sirenidae, Cryptobranchidae, Hynobiidae, Amphiumidae, Plenthodontidae, Rhyacotritonidae, Proteidae, Salamandridae, Ambystomatidae and Dicamptodontidae.14
1 Blackburn, D.C.; Wake, D.B. (2011). "Class Amphibia G ray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness". Zootaxa 3148: 39–55.
8 Cogger & Zweifel (1998), pp. 60–68.
14 Khanna, Monisha. Animal Diversity: Chordata. University of Delhi.
15 Lanza, B., S. Vanni, and A. Nistri. 1992. Salamanders and
2013
Mechanism and Physiology of Regeneration in Urodeles Urodeles or more commonly known as salamanders are any of approximately 550 extant species of amphibians under the Order Caudata.1 Urodeles’ distinctive factor that makes them different from other amphibians like frogs and caecilians is the retention of a full tail. Frogs actually lose their tail after leaving the larval stage and on the other hand, caecilians lack or have a small tails.29 In form, urodeles resemble a typical lizard. Generally, the skin of urodeles lack scales and affirms to be soft and smooth to the touch except for the newts of the Salamandridae, which appears to be warty or velvety that is wet to the touch. Their skins appear to be brightly colored or drab which exhibit patterns such as spots, bars, strips and dots.8 They also lack true claws and have a slightly flattened tail.29 The term newts refers to a more restrictive type of salamander, most of which are aquatic.15 The size of the urodeles generally ranges from 2.7 cm (1.1 in.) for the minute salamander species and 1.8 m (5.9 ft.) for Chinese giant salamander. But on the average, most salamander species sizes range from 10 to 20 cm (3.9 – 7.9 in.) Urodeles are found in temperate and subtropical climates in the Northern Hemisphere but do not reach the tropics in the New World. Important families of urodeles include Karausus, Sirenidae, Cryptobranchidae, Hynobiidae, Amphiumidae, Plenthodontidae, Rhyacotritonidae, Proteidae, Salamandridae, Ambystomatidae and Dicamptodontidae.14
1 Blackburn, D.C.; Wake, D.B. (2011). "Class Amphibia G ray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness". Zootaxa 3148: 39–55.
8 Cogger & Zweifel (1998), pp. 60–68.
14 Khanna, Monisha. Animal Diversity: Chordata. University of Delhi.
15 Lanza, B., S. Vanni, and A. Nistri. 1992. Salamanders and
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