Mcdonald's Menu Items Lab Report
Testing for the Presence of Lipids, Proteins, and Carbohydrates in McDonald's Menu Items
Emma Heironimus, White 3
There are four main macromolecules; proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. The presence of some of these, such as sugar, fat, starch, and protein, can be determined using tests such as Benedict’s solution, Lugol’s iodine solution, Biuret’s reagent, and Sudan III. Control tests were performed to determine what a positive result would appear like. Then the tests were performed using substances containing sprite, fries, hamburgers, and chicken nuggets. Results matching the control results would establish how much protein, fat, starch, and sugar there was in each mixture.
Introduction
There are four main macromolecules …show more content…
However, unlike carbohydrates, lipids do not always have a 1:2:1 ratio but rather contain higher amounts of carbon and hydrogen and less oxygen atoms. Lipids are biological-organic compounds which do not dissolve in water due to the nonpolar bonds between the carbon and hydrogen atoms. Therefore they are hydrophobic - do not have an affinity for water. Lipids primarily serve as energy storage due to its ability to store large amounts of energy because of its large amounts of carbon to hydrogen bonds. One gram of lipid can store twice as much energy as one gram of carbohydrate. Fats are solid lipids found within animals. Oils are liquid lipids found in plants. Fats and oils are examples of triglycerides, lipids composed of a glycerol attached to three fatty acids with ester linkages. A phospholipid is similar to a triglyceride except it contains only two fatty acids with the addition of a phosphate group. Due to this, phospholipids contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, making them ideal for a structural component of cell membranes. Another group of lipids is steroids. Steroids are made of carbon atoms arranged into four rings. Some steroids are cholesterol, estrogen, testosterone, and morphine. Cholesterol is an important component of cell membranes, however, studies show excessive amounts of cholesterol can cause atherosclerosis. Estrogen are the hormones which develop the female characteristics of the body. Testosterone is similar to estrogen except with the male characteristics. Morphine is a drug used to relieve
Emma Heironimus, White 3
There are four main macromolecules; proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. The presence of some of these, such as sugar, fat, starch, and protein, can be determined using tests such as Benedict’s solution, Lugol’s iodine solution, Biuret’s reagent, and Sudan III. Control tests were performed to determine what a positive result would appear like. Then the tests were performed using substances containing sprite, fries, hamburgers, and chicken nuggets. Results matching the control results would establish how much protein, fat, starch, and sugar there was in each mixture.
Introduction
There are four main macromolecules …show more content…
However, unlike carbohydrates, lipids do not always have a 1:2:1 ratio but rather contain higher amounts of carbon and hydrogen and less oxygen atoms. Lipids are biological-organic compounds which do not dissolve in water due to the nonpolar bonds between the carbon and hydrogen atoms. Therefore they are hydrophobic - do not have an affinity for water. Lipids primarily serve as energy storage due to its ability to store large amounts of energy because of its large amounts of carbon to hydrogen bonds. One gram of lipid can store twice as much energy as one gram of carbohydrate. Fats are solid lipids found within animals. Oils are liquid lipids found in plants. Fats and oils are examples of triglycerides, lipids composed of a glycerol attached to three fatty acids with ester linkages. A phospholipid is similar to a triglyceride except it contains only two fatty acids with the addition of a phosphate group. Due to this, phospholipids contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, making them ideal for a structural component of cell membranes. Another group of lipids is steroids. Steroids are made of carbon atoms arranged into four rings. Some steroids are cholesterol, estrogen, testosterone, and morphine. Cholesterol is an important component of cell membranes, however, studies show excessive amounts of cholesterol can cause atherosclerosis. Estrogen are the hormones which develop the female characteristics of the body. Testosterone is similar to estrogen except with the male characteristics. Morphine is a drug used to relieve