During the Harlem Renaissance writer Alain Locke launched a philosophical movement when he published a collection of essays entitled The New Negro in 1924. The movement sought to re-define Black identity in light of major cultural and societal shifts. It centered around black equality, political awareness, self-confidence, and racial pride. This movement espouse messages that developed black women’s roles and identity in relation to racial uplift.
Simultaneously, the Black Nationalism movement lead by Marcus Garvey also promoted racial pride and uplift. As Garvey’s second wife, Amy Jacques Garvey was a central figure of the movement and served as editor for the