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Manazment
MANAŽMENT

PODSTATA A VÝZNAMY (CHÁPANIE POJMU) MANAŽMENTU.

Manažment = riadenie organizácii fungujúcich v podmienkach trhového hospodárstva.

Významy (chápania) manažmentu:

ako praktická činnosť (dosiahnutie nejakého cieľa, používaný u PO aj FO + vláda)

ako sústava poznatkov - teória či vedná disciplína

ako osobitá skupina ľudí - manažéri

Manažment možno charakterizovať ako sústavu princípov, metód a postupov , ktoré manažéri používajú pri výkone svojej profesie.

Podstata teórie manažmentu predstavuje:

naakumulované a usporiadané poznatky o princípoch, metódach a postupoch riadenie

Znaky teórie manažmentu:

praxeologickosť

interdisciplinárnosť (rôzne vedné disciplíny)

internacionalizácia (bez ohľadu o akú civilizáciu či kultúru ide)

Spôsoby vysvetľovania (smery) teórie manažmentu:

procesný, resp. funkčný

behavioristický

rozhodovací

informačný

matematický

empirický

2. SYSTÉMY MANAŽMENTU VO SVETE A ZÁKLADNÉ ROZDIELY MEDZI NIMI.

Manažment vznikov v USA Amer. manažnent vzrástol po druhej svetovej vojne a jeho teória sa vracia k poznatkom predstaviteľov klasickej a neoklasickej školy manažmentu. Silnou stránkou amer. priemyslu sú počítače a priem. výroba uplatňuje napr. pružnú automatiku a robotiku, logistiku. Záp. Európa a Japonsko prebrali americkú technológiu.

Amerika a Európa mali spoločný civilizačný základ = jeden manažment vo svete = západný manažment = americko-európsky,

Východná Ázia - Japonsko využívali poznatky zo západného manažmentu, japonci sa však usilovali vytvoriť manažmentu spočívajúci na ich tradícii, kultúre. Vznikol tak nový systém manažmentu vo svete = japonský manažment ktorý si osvojovali aj iné ázijské krajiny.

Základné rozdiely: 1. úloha štátu (v Amerike liberalizmus, v Japonsku značná angažovanosť štátu v ekonomike)

2. podstatné rozdiely v koncepcii Japonského a amerického systému (americký, resp. západný manž.- spočíva vo vedeckej a skúsenostnej problematike, pragmatickosti; japonský sa usiluje osloviť celého človeka,

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