lemon peels
Parasitol Res
DOI 10.1007/s00436-012-3021-8
ORIGINAL PAPER
Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Kadarkarai Murugan & Palanisamy Mahesh Kumar &
Kalimuthu Kovendan & Duraisamy Amerasan &
Jayapal Subrmaniam & Jiang-Shiou Hwang
Received: 26 May 2012 / Accepted: 19 June 2012
# Springer-Verlag 2012
Abstract Mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and wellknown illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikunguniya fever, West Nile virus and yellow fever. These diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world. The present study explored the effects of orange peel ethanol extract of Citrus sinensis on larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The orange peel material was shade dried at room temperature and powdered coarsely. From orange peel, 300 g powdered was macerated with 1 L of ethanol sequentially for a period of 72 h each and filtered. The yields of the orange peel ethanol crude extract of C. sinensis 13.86 g, respectively. The extracts were concentrated at reduced temperature on a rotary vacuum evaporator and stored at a temperature of 4 °C. The larvicidal, pupicidal and adult mortality was observed after
24 h of exposure; no mortality was observed in the control group. For C. sinensis, the median lethal concentration values (LC50) observed for the larvicidal and pupicidal activities against mosquito vector species A. stephensi first to fourth larval instars and pupae were 182.24, 227.93,
291.69, 398.00 and 490.84 ppm; A. aegypti values were
92.27, 106.60, 204.87, 264.26, 342.45, 436.93 and
K. Murugan : P. Mahesh Kumar : K. Kovendan (*) :
D. Amerasan : J. Subrmaniam
Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life
DOI 10.1007/s00436-012-3021-8
ORIGINAL PAPER
Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Kadarkarai Murugan & Palanisamy Mahesh Kumar &
Kalimuthu Kovendan & Duraisamy Amerasan &
Jayapal Subrmaniam & Jiang-Shiou Hwang
Received: 26 May 2012 / Accepted: 19 June 2012
# Springer-Verlag 2012
Abstract Mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and wellknown illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikunguniya fever, West Nile virus and yellow fever. These diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world. The present study explored the effects of orange peel ethanol extract of Citrus sinensis on larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The orange peel material was shade dried at room temperature and powdered coarsely. From orange peel, 300 g powdered was macerated with 1 L of ethanol sequentially for a period of 72 h each and filtered. The yields of the orange peel ethanol crude extract of C. sinensis 13.86 g, respectively. The extracts were concentrated at reduced temperature on a rotary vacuum evaporator and stored at a temperature of 4 °C. The larvicidal, pupicidal and adult mortality was observed after
24 h of exposure; no mortality was observed in the control group. For C. sinensis, the median lethal concentration values (LC50) observed for the larvicidal and pupicidal activities against mosquito vector species A. stephensi first to fourth larval instars and pupae were 182.24, 227.93,
291.69, 398.00 and 490.84 ppm; A. aegypti values were
92.27, 106.60, 204.87, 264.26, 342.45, 436.93 and
K. Murugan : P. Mahesh Kumar : K. Kovendan (*) :
D. Amerasan : J. Subrmaniam
Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life