Leadership and Management
Introduction Management and leadership are terms that are frequently used interchangeably, however, they are not the same thing – they have quite distinct meanings. The two do have similarities but they also have important differences. This research report aims to understand the difference between leadership and management and why these differences are important. It also puts this into a modern context, so that they can be understood against a backdrop of increasingly technological workplaces and with regard to other aspects of organizations today, including areas such as teleworking and outsourcing, for example. Background The world of work has undergone significant change in recent years, and it is important to understand these changes in order to gain perspective on this work. Cooper (2005, p.1) states that: “By the end of the 1980s and into the early 1990s, a major restructuring of work as we have never known it since the industrial revolution was beginning to take place… Organizations throughout the Western world and even further afield, dramatically ‘downsized’, ‘de-layered’, ‘flattened’ or ‘right sized’. Whatever euphemism you care to use, the hard reality experienced by many was job loss and wrenching change”. As Cooper describes it, this has led to leaner organizations and less security, and new technologies that have in turn driven changes in both organizational structures and individual competencies. As companies face new challenges and the everincreasing speed of change, there have been a number of fundamental changes in the way that businesses operate that affect leadership and management skills that are required by organizations. According to Cooper, these include becoming more flexible and adaptable, outsourcing parts of the business, a move to a white collar workforce rather than a blue collar one, and teleworking. Cooper argues that all of these have fundamentally changed organizations and have led to entities that
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