Leadership

Leadership Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. It is just like a skill or trick which changes the image of a common person. In other words Leadership is the process of social influence in which a large mass of people is got helped by a single person called leader. The leader may or may not have any formal authority. Also it is a process of influencing a group of people to achieve common goals, Bass, B.M. (1990)
Culture
Culture is the quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits, etc. Or it is a particular form or stage of civilization as that of a certain nation or period. In other words it is defined as a way of living life by a group of people. It is just like a rules or say basics pattern which a group of people made and have applied to fix problems of external and internal combination.(wikipedea,2009)
Organisation Culture

Gareth Morgan said about the organisational culture that it is “The set of the set of beliefs, values and norms together with symbols like dramatized events and personalities that represents the unique character of an organisation and provides the context for action in it and by it. Also it is referred as a share value, principles, traditions and ways of doing thing that influence the way organisation members work. Bass, B.M.(1990)
Leaders
Leaders are made, they are not born. They are made by hard effort, which is the price which all of us must pay to achieve any goal that is worthwhile. Without leader it’s very hard to move forward some organisation and only that person is able to become an effective leader who has a effective leadership styles and values.
Leader 1 – Mukesh Ambani
The Chairman and Managing Director of Reliance Industries Limited, India 's largest private sector company, Mukesh Ambani was born on April 19, 1957 in Aden, Yemen.
Personal, ethnic, organisational and societal values
Mukesh Ambani has desire and ability of the company to improve its performance by full utilization of its current resources i.e. as time, money, equipment, materials, space, people, etc. Leadership and Mukesh Ambani are synonymous references. His leadership style is based on the hard work. He is ethically very sound. He has done many things for the welfare of the people. He joined Reliance in 1981 and was instrumental in Reliance 's backward integration from textiles into polyester fibres and petrochemicals. He was chosen as the ET Business leader in 2006. Mukesh Ambani was ranked 42nd among the World 's Most Respected Business Leaders in a survey conducted by Price water house Coopers and published in Financial Times, London in 2004. He also received the Asia Society Leadership Award given by the Asia Society, Washington D.C., USA. He is regular in meetings, reports, performance reviews etc. He has done many things for an organisation. Mukesh Ambani has led Reliance Industries Limited, his flagship, to overwhelming heights by leading his enterprise and its members to working inclusively and comprehensively. He has freedom for initiative of Employee to make suggestions, develop plans, make decisions and modify actions
Leadership behaviour, styles, traits. As his father is the great business leader so he has got all the skills and traits that his father had. Mukesh Ambani is undoubtedly a business leader to seek motivation from. Having spear-headed a company that is India’s largest and one of world’s finest, Mukesh Ambani transpires as the definitive modern day leader. His leadership style is bureaucratic. Due to his style and of use of his leadership skills, he has given a new way of networking in an telecommunicating field.
Leadership Behaviours, attributes and organisational practices
He has many values, attributes and many behaviours and organisational practices that are universally accepted and effective across cultures. Currently Mukesh Ambani is in the top leaders list. He is the chairman and the managing director of the reliance company. Hs has done his best to get the desire level and due to his dedication to his and work and leadership style he has led his company at the peak. He is well known famous business leader. He is very polite to his employers and always tries to let them learn his own traits and behaviours. His reliance company showed a new sight and vision to the networking and communication field in India. As his father is the great business leader so he has got all the skills and traits that his father had. Mukesh Ambani is undoubtedly a business leader to seek motivation from. Having spear-headed a company that is India’s largest and one of world’s finest, Mukesh Ambani transpires as the definitive modern day leader. He is very cooperative among individuals, departments, branches etc. Due to his organisational values he has led his company to the peak point. He has Chosen the businessman of the year 2007 by a public poll in India conducted by NDTV. He has also ranked 13th in Asia 's Power 25 list of ' 'The Most Powerful Awarded the "Chitralekha Person of the Year Award -- 2007" by Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi , which shows his organisational and ethnic values.

Leader 2 - Richard Pratt
Richard Pratt was born on 10 December, 1934. He was a prominent Australian Businessman, chairman of Visy Industries and a leading figure of Melbourne society. He was the fourth richest person of Australia and Pratt was also appointed as an officer later a Companion of the Order of Australia. He was died on 28 April, 2009.
Personal, Ethnic, Organisational and societal cultural values Richard Pratt 's real skill was as an entrepreneur and wealth creator. Pratt was famous for his speech on the business sides. He as an effective speaker and gave every detail of his business in easiest way in the speech. Pratt loved touring the factory floor, seeing how the business was running at ground level and make supervision on his staff. While paper and packaging had always been Pratt 's main focus. He had been able to expand his family 's fate in a number of ways. In 1979, Pratt moved into recycling. A decade later, he established Visy 's US business, which had since become a key part of the empire. Pratt 's leadership style had often been described as being like a compassionate and kind dictatorship. Nonetheless, Pratt also inspired incredible loyalty by showing it himself. He donated $10 million every year through the Pratt Foundation to refugees, artists and others. Pratt also donated considerable funds to both major political parties (A$300,000 in Financial Year 2003-4), as well as to former Australian Prime Minister John Howard 's Liberal government. One of Pratt 's key rules was to implement new technology in the business was crucial. In his organisation he had done a lot. He gave better pay or wages to the employees and he gave the rewards to the best performers of the business as well. Pratt had spent an enormous amount of time and money investing in customer relationships. On top of frequent customer visits, customers were regularly wined and dined or offered discounted tickets to sporting events and the theatre.
Leadership behaviour, styles, traits Richard Pratt 's leadership style had often been described as being like a compassionate and kind dictatorship. He was forward looking leader. He is also aware of the link between the effort and reward. His main focus was first on paper and packaging. But later on due to his intelligence and broad minded thinking he became the great Australian leader and chairman of Visy Company. He was also a fair minded leader as he looked each and every worker of his company with equality. Pratt had gained publicity to move forward his business in other ways, including sponsorships of sporting events, support for the arts and, of course, philanthropy. The Pratt Foundation gives away about $14 million a year. Pratt also donated considerable funds to both major political parties (A$300,000 in Financial Year 2003-4), as well as to former Australian Prime Minister John Howard 's Liberal government.

Leadership Behaviours, attributes and organisational practices
Richard Pratt was very famous in his leadership style. Whether he was kind but he never made a false decision as he never became emotional in the business sides. He appointed only the qualified and talented employee rather than the person who had a support of any other great personality. So the others talented people got the chance in his business sites. That’s why Richard Pratt`s behaviors, attributes are universally accepted due to his business policies. He had a tradition behavior and had great ethnic values. Because of these values he also donated money to charity trust and helped the poor. That`s why his behaviors and other practices are accepted and effective by all cultures.
Perceptions of societal and organisational culture affected the kinds of leader behaviours and organisational practices that have been accepted and made effective by each leader.
Leader1- For Mukesh Ambani India is divided into two perceptions- one where success and economic growth are validated reality and future is as expected bright. Yet there is the contradiction to this hope that points towards the grey governance, backward bureaucracy and lack of infrastructure that seems to stand amid the path of growth. He believes that today, it is important to have in place many disruptive polices rather than some reforms that can bring about a renaissance of its economy and renaissance of perception. Business can contribute by creating opportunities and wealth for people, shareholders and economy, which caters to not only its own growth but growth for the entire nation. And when opportunities are coined with harmonious existence through assured healthcare facilities and education, there is nothing that stops India from becoming a world super power.
Leader2- Richard Pratt empowered the employees to accept the modern changes in their business environment. Richard Pratt was known for helping the companies who were in need for success. He had helped some companies who were in loss to regain their losses and made a name of that company. He was a very good example for a good leader. He also made different decisions but taking into account the different cultures he was dealing with. He had to be very careful when making any decision as to so that he did not show disrespect to others regarding their culture.
Situation of leader 1 His company had planned to make the biggest investment in this sector in India. They planned to invest Rs.25, 000 crore in coming four years. The company that was floated for this purpose is known as Reliance Retail Limited and it would be owned totally by Reliance Industries Limited. They expected to launch 1,000 stores before the year end all over the nation. Within the next three months, He wanted to take the tally of these “Fresh” stores to 100 in the Delhi and NCR regions. He was believed to have invested around Rs. 1000 crores in this region. The Reliance Fresh had been averaging a sale of Rs. 3.5 to Rs. 4 lakh per day per shop. Corporate retail would have no impact on tiny retailers, hawkers and shopkeepers. The study had shown that nearly 90% small retailers had been negatively impacted within a few months of a Reliance Fresh store coming up in their neighborhood and 87% said Reliance had taken away their business. 66% small vendors said that they would have to close their shops because of declining business. Corporate Retail is clearly growing at the cost of small retail.
Situation of leader 2
Richard Pratt and his father had agreed on the lots of things but in the last years of Leon`s life they had diverged on the one key point. Leon thought that Visy should have only one production site while Richard saw the need of expansion. Richard`s view was solidified by the move of Visy`s largest customers, Kitchen soap and detergent group, to centralised its production in Sydney. The company accounted for ten percent of Visy`s then $5 million output from it reservoir plant and servicing it in Sydney meant sending ten semitrailer loads of cartons north each day risking delays and accident. Then another customer, soft drinks manufacturer Tarax also opened a Sydney plant. Richard knew Visy would lose significant business from both customers if nothing was done to accommodate these changes. Richard responded decisively, buying industrial land at Warwick Farm in western Sydney. He opened his second factory and sent over some key executives to get things going. He also instigated a new communication regime, where by his executives were in constant touch with him. To ensure the risk he was taking were being managed properly and that any problem could be dealt with quickly.
Personal, ethnic, national, organisational culture difference in perspective
Leader1- Son of the legendary Dhirubhai Ambani, Mukesh Ambani is very respectful and responsible person for his family. He graduated in Chemical Engineering from the University of Bombay and went to the United States to pursue a Masters in Business Administration from Stanford University, but dropped out after his first year to help his father, Dhirubhai Ambani with some of his projects. Since Mukesh Ambani and his siblings had the liberty to make their own academic decisions, he chose to pursue science and eventually chemical engineering while everyone expected him to do textile engineering. Even while pursuing his studies as a chemical engineer Mukesh Ambani began almost full time work for Reliance. In 1981 he joined formally and fast became a part and reason for progress. If you are thinking that who is the one who have spent this much money on the house, then the personality name is Mukesh Ambani, the Chair man of Reliance Industry and with his these values he has led his company to the top.
Leader2- Richard Pratt had good family relations. He loved his child and mother very much. He gave a warm welcome to his child and gave him a great farewell when he was suffering with a cancer. He was also very polite to his employees and loved his organisation and nation. He gave his best wishes and thanks to his team members when he was at the end so that the team would remain sticking with each other after him and his these wishes were brought by his wife and son to the employees.
Change Management:
Change Management process helps a person to manage all requests for change within your project. By putting this change process in place, one can easily be able to monitor and control the amount of change that takes place.
Change management is just like a change in schedule and policies. Sometimes when the time is not going perfect for a business and the business is undergoing through a critical situations so a leader have to implement some new policies to overcome the problem because of which the business is going down or is not making a enough profit. So leader changes the whole management. This whole process is called the change management.
Leader1- As it is well known that Mukesh Ambani has took his business to a peak point. Previously the business remained still at one point as it was seemed to be as saturation point of business. Then he thought of increasing business more and makes more profit and expands the business means he thought that there would be many things still left behind. So Mukesh Ambani led reliance group planned a display in the real estate business for which it had initiated a process of recruiting large number of professionals to work on its captive as well as independent business project. Due to his that change in management he is currently a great businessman who has put hi crouch in different things.
Mukesh Ambani is very optimistic. He always thinks about the future whether the talk is on his personal life or just on the organisation. He changed the management policy not for the sake of money but just for the sake of wellbeing and welfare of the business.
He is also very kind to the employees. He respects the talent. That’s why he planned for a real estate business to expand the name of an organisation. For that he employed many talented and qualified employees.
Leader2- Richard Pratt expanded Visy from two factories in Melbourne to more than 55 plants across Australia, United States, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea. From cardboard boxes and packaging, Visy moved into waste paper recycling. Later in the 1990s Pratt expanded his operations considerably into the New York waste paper business.
Pratt 's beautifully-managed succession plan shows that he had been able to give family members space to take control of their own corners of the empire. Under the Pratt succession plan, Pratt Industries USA will go to Anthony; Thorney Holdings to daughter Heloise and her husband Alex Waislitz; and Visy Industrial Packaging goes to daughter Fiona and her husband, Raphael Geminder.
He was well known for his for his involvement in public interest. He donated $10 million every year through the Pratt Foundation to refugees, artists and others. He was very good for his employees. He gave the rewards and more gifts and bonus to the workers.
Fundamentals elements of achieving successful change management
Leader1-
1. Mukesh Ambani is the better and effective communicators. He describes his business detail in a short speech with effectiveness. He also called for a dramatic shift in the governance model for better partnership between the government and the private sector in delivering more value to each other, and the society at large. 2. He respects the talented persons that`s why he employed the well experience, talented and qualified employees who are active and have a fully knowledge about their own job.
3. He is very polite to his employees. He gives them the bonus as well. People want to be like him as he has great skills in speaking and taking actions to resolve any of the cause arise. He becomes the idol of others. And due to his personal skills he has led his company to highest point and done much for the people in the telecommunicating and networking field.
4. His every organisational planning always becomes a sign of the success of the business. As the appropriate planning, analysis and implementation is an important part to lead the business forward So all this qualities are present in him.
5. He is very fine in making decisions at a time. Mukesh Ambani strives to generate value though all his processes and it is this ontogeny that reflects the drive and commitment Mukesh Ambani puts into force. Regarded as the face of emerging India, Mukesh Ambani is the prospect of future growth and development of India.
Leader 2- 1. Richard Pratt was a not so good communicator as without this skill no one can get a desire level or success. No doubt that he had good dealing skills but due to his bad speech in front of media he got fined of large amount of money. 2. He had a better active support because of that he led the Visy Company from one star to five stars. When he opened a new plant in Sydney then he sent over there some active executives so that if any problem or risk arises they could resolve it easily without interrupting the other business sites.. 3. He was very polite with his employees and followers. He gave better pay or wages to the employees and he gave the rewards to the best performers of the business as well. Pratt had spent an enormous amount of time and money investing in customer relationships. On top of frequent customer visits, customers were regularly wined and dined or offered discounted tickets to sporting events and the theatre. 4. His organisational planning is good. It is very difficult to take a decision alone of such a vast business empire. So through his organisational planning and keen analysis he changed the management and brought the Visy Company forward. 5. He was better in making a decision on the spot. After the death of his father, Richard saw the need of expansion. Richard`s view was solidified by the move of Visy`s largest customers, Kitchen soap and detergent group, to centralised its production in Sydney. But at that time there was two more plants in Sydney were opened and he knew that this could be lose to Visy`s from both the customer side as discussed above. But he showed his decision making kills and opened a new plant in other shore and sent some executives to maintain the situation and if risk would arise they would get it released or finished.
The universal and culture-specific aspects of leader behaviours, attributes, and organisational practices can be explained in terms of an underlying theory that accounts for systematic differences across cultures because every culture has its different traditions and culture. We can also explain these values in the given two leaders. As different leaders have different leadership styles so they mould their way of making decisions with respect to their own culture and our two leaders did the same. It is also up to the leaders to conceal the different cultures of the employees in an organization and make it into one organizational culture.

References:
Pickard, N. (26 October, 2007). Richard Pratt Business Leadership. Retrieved on 29November, 2011 from http://www.crikey.com.au/2007/10/26/and-the-richard-pratt-business-leadership-award-goes-to/
Thomson, J. (27 April, 2007). Richard Pratt`s secret to success. Retrieved on 4 December, 2011 from http://www.smartcompany.com.au/wealth/20090427-richard-pratts-secrets-to-success.html
Wikipedia. (2009). Richard Pratt (Australian Businessman). Retrieved on 1 December, 2011 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Pratt_(Australian_businessman) a b "billionaire Richard Pratt dies after prostate cancer battle". News.com.au. 2009-04-28. Retrieved on 27 November, 2011
Maps Of India.(2010). Mukesh Ambani. Retrieved on 29 November, 2011 from http://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/business-economy/mukesh-ambani.html
Imindia. (25 August, 2010). Mukesh Ambani- A leader who loves challenging situations. Retrieved on 1 December, 2011 from http://lmiindia.wordpress.com/2010/08/25/mukesh-ambani-%E2%80%93-a-leader-who-loves-challenging-situations/
Reliance Tracker. (25 October, 2010). Mukesh Ambani profiie. Retrieved on 1 December, 2011 from http://www.reliance-tracker.in/mukesh-ambani/mukesh-ambani/

References: Pickard, N. (26 October, 2007). Richard Pratt Business Leadership. Retrieved on 29November, 2011 from http://www.crikey.com.au/2007/10/26/and-the-richard-pratt-business-leadership-award-goes-to/ Thomson, J. (27 April, 2007). Richard Pratt`s secret to success. Retrieved on 4 December, 2011 from http://www.smartcompany.com.au/wealth/20090427-richard-pratts-secrets-to-success.html Wikipedia. (2009). Richard Pratt (Australian Businessman). Retrieved on 1 December, 2011 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Pratt_(Australian_businessman) a b "billionaire Richard Pratt dies after prostate cancer battle". News.com.au. 2009-04-28. Retrieved on 27 November, 2011 Maps Of India.(2010). Mukesh Ambani. Retrieved on 29 November, 2011 from http://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/business-economy/mukesh-ambani.html Imindia. (25 August, 2010). Mukesh Ambani- A leader who loves challenging situations. Retrieved on 1 December, 2011 from http://lmiindia.wordpress.com/2010/08/25/mukesh-ambani-%E2%80%93-a-leader-who-loves-challenging-situations/ Reliance Tracker. (25 October, 2010). Mukesh Ambani profiie. Retrieved on 1 December, 2011 from http://www.reliance-tracker.in/mukesh-ambani/mukesh-ambani/