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latin conjugating cheat sheet
ACTIVE VOICE – INDICATIVE MOOD ***Personal endings: -o/m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt***
PRESENT TENSE - present stem + special vowel + personal endings
Translation: I “verb” - I am “verbing” - I do “verb”
First conjugation vowel = a
Second Conjugation vowel = e
Third Conjugation vowel = i
Third Conjugation (io) = i
Fourth Conjugation vowel = i
IMPERFECT TENSE - present stem + special vowel + ba = m,s,t,mus,tis,nt
Translation: I was “verbing” - I used to “verb” - I “verbed”
First conjugation vowel = a
Second Conjugation vowel = e
Third Conjugation vowel = e
Third Conjugation (io) = ie
Fourth Conjugation vowel = ie
FUTURE TENSE - present stem (see below)
Translation: I shall/will “verb”
First conjugation = present stem + a + bo, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt
Second Conjugation = present stem + e + bo, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt
Third Conjugation = present stem + am, es, et, emus, etis, ent
Third Conjugation (io) = present stem + iam, ies, iet, iemus, ietis, ient
Fourth Conjugation = present stem + iam, ies, iet, iemus, ietis, ient

PERFECT TENSE - perfect stem + -i, -isti, -it, -imus, -istis, -erunt
Translation: I “verbed” - I did “verb” - I have “verbed”
PLUPERFECT TENSE - perfect stem + -eram, -eras, -erat, -eramus, -eratis, -erant
Translation: I had “verbed”
FUTURE PERFECT - perfect stem + -ero, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, - erint Translation: I shall/will have “verbed”

PASSIVE VOICE – INDICATIVE MOOD
****Personal endings: -r, -ris, -tur, -mur, -mini, -ntur****
PRESENT TENSE
- present stem + special vowel + personal endings
Translation: I am “verbed” - I am being “verbed”
First conjugation vowel = a
Second Conjugation vowel = e
Third Conjugation vowel = i
Third Conjugation (io) = i
Fourth Conjugation vowel = i
IMPERFECT TENSE
- present stem + special vowel + ba = personal endings
Translation: I was being “verbed - I used to be “verbed”
First conjugation vowel = a
Second Conjugation vowel = e
Third Conjugation vowel = e
Third Conjugation (io) = ie
Fourth
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