In this analytical paper I’ll be analyzing a scenario about a five year old girl who is in renal failure and is in need of a kidney transplant. In this the father is the only one compatible with her, but he does not want to donate his kidney to save her life. The scenario will be analyzed through the deontological/Kantian and the consequentialist/utilitarian viewpoints in ethical decision making. It’ll also be analyzed by deciding which perspective would be relevant and a discussion of what I as a doctor would do following the ethical view point of my choice.…
Is lying prohibited and does it make you “more worthless even than a small thing?” Well, Immanuel Kant thinks so. He wants to really make a claim that “truthfulness is a duty which no circumstances can put aside.” Kant’s argument is so biased because he only shows feelings for honesty. He then shows some negativity and cruelty to the liars, and make mean comments about them. I disagree with Kant’s argument. First of all, just because you lie, it doesn’t mean that it’s destroying your human dignity and it doesn’t harm mankind…
In “A Simplified Account of Kantian Ethics”, author Onora O’Neill makes the claim that Kantianism and Utilitarianism have 2 distinct views on human life and the way it’s value should guide an individual’s morals. She firstly focuses on explaining the Utilitarian perspective on individual purpose and life value, rather dramatically calling it a task “not for the faint-hearted” (O’Neill, 4). Fundamentally, utilitarianism upholds a standard of maximizing utility, meaning that no one individual’s happiness is to be ranked above the greater good in importance. She describes Utilitarianism as “dauntingly long, indeed interminable,” (O’Neill, 4) which I personally think is true of any moral theory, Kantianism included, but more so for Utilitarianism because of its requirement of self-sacrifice.…
It is my belief that the essay “The Case for Torture” is flawed and that Torture is impermissible whatever the case.…
Emmanuel Kant (hereinafter “Kant”) believes that Ethics is categorical and states that our moral duties are not dependent on feelings but on reason. He further states that our moral duties are unconditional, universally valid, and necessary, regardless of the possible consequences or opposition to our inclinations (Pojman and Vaughn 239).…
Onora O'Neill presents to us the argument of Kantian's Principle of Humanity and how it gives us an obligation to donate to aid agencies. Kant's Principle of Humanity is stated as an "Act that you use humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means". The first key argument that O'Neill presents is that duties of justice must be fulfilled because if they aren't people have been used as mere means. O'Neill interprets this in the way that we shouldn't treat people in ways that reflect a maxim they could not in principle rationally consent to. This means that you should treat people with respect in regards to their autonomy and shouldn't use people as a way to reach a maxim.…
Kant has explained this by giving an example of moral principle that people should not lie and this moral principle applies to all and one cannot lie given on the situation and his past experiences. Not to lie is a basic human nature and it should be respected by all and all community follows this principle.…
Emmanuel Kant argues that the human understanding of our world is perceived by our experiences and only through them can we gain knowledge. Kant’s philosophic question is rooted in the theory of understanding; in short, what can we know and how can we know it? Most of our knowledge of the world can be derived from our observation of it. As children, we see things, touch things, smell things and so on. Gradually, we understand the world in which we live in; this is the knowledge of sense-perception. For example, wind has no physical form but we can see its effects and can classify it as being part of nature. Kant, however, perceives knowledge only through our experiences. So going back to the example of wind, Kant would say we have knowledge of wind not because we…
It seems that Kant has a much more conservative view towards lying and when it is permissible. Grotius has a much more liberal, modern, and understanding view on the issue. Kant pretty much thinks that it is one's duty to speak the truth, although this moral principle is not taken unconditionally in the world today. This is a duty because it is every man's right to know the truth and lying to anyone would be taking this right away, which mortals should not have the power to do. However, if a man throws this right away, through committing evil acts that are opposed to the good of mankind, he no longer has a right to the truth and he can be lied to. Also, if a one forces another man to speak, the man has no duty to tell the truth, because…
In the first example when you borrow money from a family member only promising to reimburse them as soon as your finances improves. If everyone who borrowed money told the truth and reimbursed the lender, your relationship with family or friends would be built on trust and honesty for telling the truth. If you lied by saying you would reimburse them with never having the intention of paying them back would be immoral behavior according to Kant. The second example is nurse facing a distraught family who just lost a child in horrific car crash caused by a drunk driver. If the nurses’ maxim is to always be compassionate when answering difficult questions, leaving the gruesome details out of the conversation would help minimize the pain by bringing comfort to the family during this difficult time. What would happen if the gruesome details were shared instead? Some family members might experience cardiac arrest or faint from the stressful experience and incur additional injuries in the hospital. The hospital would be liable for the injuries or even worse, another death in the family caused by the graphic details of the accident. According to Kant, it would be immoral to cause additional pain or harm to a person who is already grieving due to a senseless and horrific accident caused by a drunk…
Something interesting about these principles is that the state did not provide this, but is something strongly encouraged by the formation and acceptance of the states people itself. Kant states that all his ideas are fundamental, not only for the finding of ethical laws but to function the state and its existence. This is because without the acceptance of the people a state would not exist therefore rights are necessary within states to keep the support of the people of the state. The state should be made to aid those citizens.…
In paragraph eight of “Its the Truth: Americans Conflicted About Lying,” by NBC News, they state that, “german philosopher Immanuel Kant, who believed all lying was bad - every single lie, event one that could save someone's life.” Through this claim, Kant argues that no lies are justified no matter what the circumstance is. In my opinion, this argument is disagreeable because it has a very selfish point of view considering he wouldn't tell even one lie to protect someone from danger or even save their life. My argument speaks to this because Kant is claiming no life is worth a…
Humanity can be viewed and practiced in infinite ways, in fact most individuals see this concept differently as they have their own perception of what humanity is comprised of. Francis Fukuyama the author of “Human Dignity,” argues that human dignity is attained through a concept which he coined as Factor X. This term simply defines how a human being can attain dignity once he or she is stripped of their contingent and accidental characteristics. These characteristics include skin color, looks, social class and wealth, gender, sexual preference, cultural background as well as talents that we posses. The author tries to implement how we as human beings may learn to see each other without the superficial and materialistic characteristics we accumulate throughout our lifetime by seeing one another…
Fraud is generally defined as an omission of a material fact or a misrepresentation of the truth, intended for personal gain or to cause loss to another party. The act of fraud is most commonly committed in order to deprive another of money, property, or a legal right. Fraud is considered criminal activity, and anyone who is affected by a fraudulent act has the ability to file a lawsuit to collect damages. J.C. Penny was accused of marking up the prices on their products and then discounting them to the original price in order to trick customers into thinking they were receiving heavy discounts and better deals. J.C. Penny committed this act for their own personal gain, and in doing so, they deprived their customers of money that they would…
Immanuel Kant created a handful of formulations regarding his system of determining morality, the Categorical Imperative. James and Stuart Rachels in The Elements of Moral Philosophy, illuminate Kant's first and second Categorical Imperatives. While Kant claims the formulations are equivalent, they offer differing guidelines on how the Categorical Imperative is operated. Although the formulations share the same basis, the difference regarding how the formulations are adhered, is a large distinction difficult to ignore, and renders the two versions as separate subjects.…