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Johny Se Essay
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Analyse the factors that affected the spread of industrialisation during the 19th century. Introduction

This essay covers the factors that affected the spread of industrialisation. Its chronological focus is the period from 1800 to 1899. Starting with Britain 's eighteenth-century pioneering role, it then traces the diffusion of industrialisation in north-western Europe during the nineteenth century and relates it to international trade and especially market-friendly institutional changes associated with eighteenth-century proto-industrialisation, the delayed spread of industrialisation to eastern Europe to the latter 's absence.

In the 19th century economic growth has been closely associated with the process of structural change we call "industrialisation", i.e., the absolute and relative growth of industrial activity. Indeed, from the perspective of world history, Europe 's importance rests largely on the fact that industrialisation began here and long remained a European monopoly. It was industrialisation, more than anything else, which made the nineteenth century very much a "European Century".
This survey summarizes a vast historiography. Its focus, however, is very largely on the process of long-run economic growth. To interpret industrialisation in this light, it considers in addition the role of regional differences and international economic relations. In keeping with the article 's title, the text is basically chronological. It distinguishes two periods: early industrialisation and rapid industrialisation . Since "European Industrialisation" cannot be described without reference to regional differences and international relations, their discussion is integrated into the two periods.

Industrialization and Long-Run Economic Growth in Comparative Perspective
Economic growth is first on the agenda followed here, for industrialisation marked the advent of "modern economic growth" (MEG), i.e. of economic change characterized by rising



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