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John Keynes
www.transparency.org

www.cmi.no

Overview of corruption and anti-corruption in Vietnam

Query

What is the status of corruption and anti-corruption in Vietnam?

Purpose
To inform anti-corruption initiatives we are considering conducting in partnership with the Government of Vietnam.

Content
1. 2. 3. Overview of corruption in Vietnam Anti-corruption efforts in Vietnam References

challenges. The Anti-Corruption Law, adopted in 2005, criminalises several types of corruption, establishes asset disclosure requirements for governmental officials, and whistle-blower protection. A number of institutions which aim to fight corruption are now in place, including the Office of the Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption, the Government Inspectorate, the People 's Procuracy, and the State Audit of Vietnam. However, the sources consulted, as well as the Vietnam Government, acknowledge that these efforts have not brought about expected results, particularly due to a large implementation gap and lack of enforcement. In addition, as civil and political freedoms are limited, the capacity of media and civil society organisations to hold government accountable for its actions and decisions is restricted.

Summary
In spite of improvements over the past years, corruption is still considered widespread throughout the country and Vietnam still lags behind other Asian countries in terms of control of corruption and most governance indicators. Corruption affects different sectors such as health, education, construction, land management as well as natural resources and the extractive industries. The private sector is also affected by cumbersome legislation, which provides both incentives and opportunities for corruption. Against this backdrop, the government has taken a number of steps to address governance and corruption

1 Overview of corruption in Vietnam
The Vietnamese nation state is the result of a long anticolonial and anti-imperialist struggle for


References: Anti-Corruption Law (No. 55/2005/QH11) passed by the National Assembly on 29/11/2005 Asia Development Bank, 2011. Overview of Civil Society organisation: Viet Nam. BBC News, 2006. Vietnam Ministry hit by scandal. 4 April 2006. Bertelsmann Foundation, 2010. Transformation Index (BTI) 2010. http://www.bertelsmann-transformationindex.de/en/bti/country-reports/laendergutachten/asia-andoceania/vietnam/ CECODES, Embassy of Finland, 2008. ANTI-CORRUPTION IN VIETNAM: THE SITUATION AFTER TWO YEARS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LAW http://www.finland.org.vn/public/download.aspx?ID=38961&G UID=%7B96721A6B-F87E-4B53-9342-5FDACC26B097%7D CECODES, the Viet Nam Fatherland Front (VFF), and UNDP Vietnam, 2011. The Provincial Governance and Public Administration Performance Index (PAPI). http://www.papi.vn/about-papi Chêne, M., 2008. Drafting a national anti-corruption strategy for Vietnam. U4 Expert Answer. http://www.u4.no/publications/drafting-a-national-anticorruption-strategy-for-vietnam/ DFID and Embassy of Finland, 2008. Forms of Engagement between State Agencies & Civil Society Organizations in Vietnam VUFONGO Resource Center, Embassy of Denmark, Embassy of Sweden and the World Bank in Vietnam, 2011. Recognizing and reducing corruption risks in Land Management in Vietnam. http://www.business-anticorruption.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/Recognizing_and_ Reducing_Corruption_Risks_in_Land-English.pdf Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA), 2008. Borderlines. http://www.eia-international.org/borderlines-2 Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA), 2011. Crossroads: The Illicit Timber Trace between Laos and Vietnam. http://www.redd-monitor.org/wordpress/wpcontent/uploads/2011/08/EIA-Crossroads-report-FINAL-low1.pdf Freedom House, 2010. Countries at the crossroads – Vietnam. http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=140&editio n=9&ccrpage=43&ccrcountry=206 www.U4.no 10 Overview of corruption and anti-corruption in Vietnam Towards Transparency; Transparency International, 2011. Forms and Effects of Corruption on the Education Sector in Vietnam. http://www.transparency.org/regional_pages/asia_pacific/tran sparency_international_in_vietnam/publications/research_an d_surveys Towards Transparency; Transparency International, 2011. Towards a transparent and Quality healthcare system: a qualitative study on the causes, perceptions and Impact of informal payments in health services in Vietnam. http://www.transparency.org/regional_pages/asia_pacific/tran sparency_international_in_vietnam/publications/research_an d_surveys Transparency International; Towards Transparency, 2011. Survey Report: In Support of the Government’s SelfAssessment of the Implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) in Vietnam in 2011. http://www.transparency.org/regional_pages/asia_pacific/tran sparency_international_in_vietnam/publications/research_an d_surveys Transparency International-USA; CIPE; Towards Transparency, 2011. APEC Procurement Transparency Standards in Vietnam: The Need to Move from Law to Practice. http://www.cipe.org/publications/papers/pdf/TIReport-Vietnam.pdf Transparency International, 2006. NIS Study Vietnam. http://transparency.org/policy_research/nis/nis_reports_by_c ountry Transparency International, 2010. Global Corruption Barometer. http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices /gcb/2010 Transparency International, 2011. Transparency Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2011/results/ US Department of State, 2011. Investment Climate Statement Vietnam. http://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2011/157384.htm USAID, 2010. Vietnam Provincial Competitiveness Index 2010. Van der Molen, P.; Tuladhar, A. 2006, Corruption and Land Administration. World Bank, 2010. Vietnam Development Report: Modern Institutions http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTVIETNAM/Resources/ VDR2010.pdf World Bank, 2009. World Bank Enterprise Survey. http://enterprisesurveys.org/~/media/FPDKM/EnterpriseSurve ys/Documents/Profiles/English/vietnam-2009.pdf World Bank, 2010. Worldwide Governance Indicators. http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/sc_chart.asp World Bank/IFC, 2012. Doing Business. http://www.doingbusiness.org/~/media/fpdkm/doing%20busin ess/documents/profiles/country/VNM.pdf World Economic Forum, 2011. Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitiveness Report_2010-11.pdf www.U4.no 11
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