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islamic banking infrastructure
Islamic finance infrastructure
1. 1425H (2004) International Islamic Centre for Reconciliation and Commercial Arbitration (IICRCA) - Dubai, U.A.E.
Conduct mediation of disputes and to adjudicate on financial and commercial disputes which can arise between Islamic financial institutions, and between these institutions and/or third parties.
2. 1423H (2002), The Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB)- Malaysia.
Promote development of prudent standards and effective supervision guidelines for the Islamic financial services industry and recommend their adoption by relevant regulatory authorities.
3. 1423H (2002), The International Islamic Rating Agency (IIRA) - Bahrain.
Conduct rating of entities, determine financial strength, fiduciary risk and credit worthiness of the issuer along with assessment of Shariah compliance.
4. 1423H (2002), Liquidity Management Centre (LMC) - Bahrain.
Facilitate development of inter-bank money market and to provide short-term investment opportunities with greater Shariah credibility.
5. 1422H (2001), The General Council of Islamic Banks and Financial Institutions - Bahrain.
Promote cooperation amongst Islamic financial institutions, develop concepts, rules, provisions, share related information, and develop better understanding with regulatory bodies.
6. 1421H (2001), International Islamic Financial Market (IIFM) - Bahrain.
Develop Shariah enhancement and guidelines for issuance of Islamic financial instruments, and to encourage active secondary market trading.
7. 1411H (1991), The Accounting and Audit Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) - Bahrain.
Develop accounting, auditing and Shariah standards for adoption in the financial reporting of Islamic financial institutions.
8. 1401H (1981) The Islamic Research and Training Institute, (IRTI) IDB - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
To undertake research and impart training in Islamic economics and assist in the development of Shariah-compliant financial sector.

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    References: Abdul Rahman, Y. (1999). Islamic Instruments for Managing Liquidity. International Journal of Islamic Financial Services, Vol. 1, No. 1, Retrieved July 1, 2006, from http://www.islamic-finance.net/journal.html Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions (2001). „Accounting, Auditing and Governance Standards for Islamic Financial Institutions‟, AAOIFI, Bahrain. Al-Omar, F. and M. Abdel-Haq (1996). „Islamic Banking: Theory, Practice and Challenges‟, Oxford University Press, Karachi, Pakistan. Al-Omar and M. Iqbal (2000). „Some Strategic Suggestions for Islamic Banking in the 21st Century‟, Review of Islamic Economics, No. 9, pp. 37-56. Al-Sadah, A. K. I. (1999). „Regulation of Financial Reporting by Islamic Banks‟, Unpublished M Phil Thesis, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. Angbazo, L. (1997). Commercial Bank Net Interest Margins, Default Risk, Interest-Rate Risk, and Off-Balance Sheet Banking. Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 21, pp. 55-87. Ayub, M. (2007). Understanding Islamic Finance, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, UK. Bank Negara Malaysia – Liquidity Framework Bank Negara website: http://www.bnm.gov.my Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (2000). Sound Practices for Managing Liquidity in Banking Organisations. Basel. Drzik, J. (2005). New Directions in Risk Management. Journal of Financial Econometrics, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 26-36. Goudreau, R. (1992). Commercial Banks Profitability Rises as Interest Margins and Securities Sales Increase. Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Vol. 33. Hakim, S. and S. Neami (2001). Performance and Credit Risk in Banking Performance: A Comparative Study of Egypt and Lebanon. ERF Working Paper Series, WP 0137. How, J. C. Y, M. A. Karim and P. Verhoeven (2005). Islamic Financing and Bank Risks: The Case in Malaysia, Thunderbird International Business Review, Vol.…

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