Industrialisation in India
A HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION IN INDIA AND IN KERALA
20 .
Introduction By way of substantiating the thesis that the large scale
industries and their promotion have proved detrimental to environment, a close look at the history and evolution of industrialization is a must. But such a historical account of
industrialization is too vast a field for the researcher to look into. It is therefore necessary to limit this enquiry
to the area of industrialization in India in general and to industrialization in Kerala in particular. What were the kinds of industries that were flourishing in India before the advent of the British? What was the impact of the industrial policy the of the
British of
on
the
traditional in the
industries
and
extent
industrialization
independent India? industries affect the history of the
How did this evolution of large scale existing small scale industries? What is in Kerala? What are the These
industrialization
industrial promotional agencies that are at
work today?
are some of the questions that await an answer in this chapter. The answer that might emerge from the historical account of industrialization in India and in Kerala will be briefly
enumerated at the end of this chapter.
21 .
Industrialization in India Industrialization in India can well be marked under two
heads
viz., Pre-British
Period
and the Evolution of Modern
Industry. 2.1.1 Pre-British period India was famous for her handicrafts right from PreBritish times. During the Mughal Period, India had a considerable variety of arts and handicrafts. In several handicrafts,
specialization of jobs had advanced to such an extent that particular classes of artisans undertook distinct processes in the class of production; and the products commanded wide range of foreign markets. At that time no other country produced products
that could be imported to India in exchange for cotton and silk goods
20 .
Introduction By way of substantiating the thesis that the large scale
industries and their promotion have proved detrimental to environment, a close look at the history and evolution of industrialization is a must. But such a historical account of
industrialization is too vast a field for the researcher to look into. It is therefore necessary to limit this enquiry
to the area of industrialization in India in general and to industrialization in Kerala in particular. What were the kinds of industries that were flourishing in India before the advent of the British? What was the impact of the industrial policy the of the
British of
on
the
traditional in the
industries
and
extent
industrialization
independent India? industries affect the history of the
How did this evolution of large scale existing small scale industries? What is in Kerala? What are the These
industrialization
industrial promotional agencies that are at
work today?
are some of the questions that await an answer in this chapter. The answer that might emerge from the historical account of industrialization in India and in Kerala will be briefly
enumerated at the end of this chapter.
21 .
Industrialization in India Industrialization in India can well be marked under two
heads
viz., Pre-British
Period
and the Evolution of Modern
Industry. 2.1.1 Pre-British period India was famous for her handicrafts right from PreBritish times. During the Mughal Period, India had a considerable variety of arts and handicrafts. In several handicrafts,
specialization of jobs had advanced to such an extent that particular classes of artisans undertook distinct processes in the class of production; and the products commanded wide range of foreign markets. At that time no other country produced products
that could be imported to India in exchange for cotton and silk goods
References: 1. 'Report of the Indian Industrial Commission 1916-18 ', p.6. c i t e d in S.C. Kuchhal, The Industrial Ecomry of India, 1975 ed., p.27. Industrial Economy of India, 1975 ed., 5. Desai, Industrial Economy of India, 1988, p.54. 10. Government of India, Ministry of Education and Social Welfare, Department of Culture, The Gaxettear of India, vol. 3, Economic structure and activities, 1975, p.464-65. Dec. 20, 1954, p. 3527, c i t e d in 13-12, Government Industrial of India, Ministry Policy, 1991, p.1. K. R. Rajan, Keralathile Vyavasayangal (Malayalam), Vol. I, 1987, p.2. Kerala State Large and H e d i w Industries Directory, 1967, pp. 12-13. Raman Mahadevan, 'Industrial Entrepreneurship in Princely Travancore: 1930-47 ', In The South Indian Economy: Agrarian Change, Industrial Structure and State-Policy, c 1914-1947, Ed. by Sabyasachi Bhattacharya, st. al., 1991, p.160. Proceedings of the Srimoolam Assembly, 1945, p.43. cited and Industrialization in J. Ramesh Chandra D a s , 'Sir C.P. of Travancore ', Journal of Kerala Studies, March-June 1979, p.222. Government of Travancore-Cochin, Administrative R e p o r t 194849, 1950, p.76-77, n.21, p.6. Jaiprakash Raghaviah, Basel Hission Industries in i(al€abar and South Canara 1834-1914, 1990, p.28.