Individualism Collectivism

References: Barrick, R.M. and Mount, M.K. (1991), ‘‘The big five personality dimensions and job performance: a meta-analysis’’, Personnel Psychology, Vol. 44, pp. 1-26. Costa, P.T. and McCrae, R.R. (1988), ‘‘Personality in adulthood: a six-year longitudinal study of self-reports and spouse ratings on the NEO personality inventory’’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 54, pp. 853-63. Costa, P.T. and McCrae, R.R. (1992), Revised NEO Personality Inventory and NEO Five-Factor Inventory Professional Manual, Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL. Coyle-Sharpiro, J. and Kessler, I. (2000), ‘‘Consequences of psychological contract for the employment relationship: a large scale survey’’, The Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 37 No. 7, pp. 903-30. Goldberg, L.R. (1990), ‘‘An alternative ‘description of personality’: the big five factor structure’’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 86, pp. 1270-9. Hui, C., Lee, C. and Rousseau, D.M. (2001), ‘‘Psychological contract and organizational citizenship behavior in China: investing generalizability and instrumentality’’, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 89 No. 2, pp. 311-21. Huseman, C.R., Hatfield, D.J. and Miles, W.E. (1987), ‘‘‘A new perspective on equity theory’ The equity sensitivity construct’’, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 12, pp. 222-34. James, L.R. and Brett, J.M. (1984), ‘‘Mediators, moderators, and tests for mediation’’, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 69 No. 2, pp. 307-21. 302 Judge, T.A. and Bono, J.E. (2001), ‘‘Relationship of core self-evaluations traits – self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability – with job satisfaction and job performance: a meta-analysis’’, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 86, pp. 80-92. Kickul, J., Lester, S.W. and Belgio, E. (2004), ‘‘Attitudinal and behavioral outcomes of psychological contract breach: a cross-cultural comparison of the United States and Hong Kong Chinese’’, International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, Vol. 4, pp. 229-52. King, R.C. and Bu, N. (2005), ‘‘Perceptions of the mutual obligations between employees and employers: a comparative study of new generation IT professionals in China and the United States’’, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 46-64. Lee, C., Tinsley, C.H. and Chen, Z.X. (2000), ‘‘Psychological normative contracts of work group members in the US and Hong Kong’’, in Rousseau, D.M. and Schalk, R. (Eds), Psychological Contracts in Employment: Cross-National Perspectives, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. Li, H.Z., Zhang, Z., Bhatt, G. and Yum, Y.K. (2006), ‘‘Rethinking culture as self-construal: China as a middle ground’’, Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 146 No. 5, pp. 591-610. Liao-Troth, M.A. (2005), ‘‘Are they here for the long haul? The effects of functional motives and personality factors on the psychological contracts of volunteers’’, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol. 34 No. 4, pp. 510-30. Meyer, J.P., Stanley, D.J., Herscovitch, L. and Topolnytsky, L. (2002), ‘‘Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: a meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences’’, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 61, pp. 20-52. Miller, D., Kets De Vries, M.F.R. and Toulouse, J.M. (1982), ‘‘Top executive locus of control, and its relationship to strategy-making, structure, and environment’’, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 25, pp. 237-53. Morrison, E.W. and Robinson, S.L. (1997), ‘‘When employees feel betrayed: a model of how psychological contract violation develops’’, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 16, pp. 92-120. O’Neil, B.S. and Mone, M.A. (1998), ‘‘Investigating equity sensitivity as a moderator of relations between self-efficacy and workplace attitudes’’, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 83, pp. 805-16. Raja, U., Johns, G. and Ntalianis, F. (2004), ‘‘The impact of personality on psychological contracts’’, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 47 No. 3, pp. 350-67. Ramamoorthy, N. and Carroll, S.J. (1998), ‘‘Individualism/collectivism orientations and reactions toward alternative human resource management practices’’, Human Relations, Vol. 51 No. 5, pp. 571-88. Ramamoorthy, N. and Flood, P.C. (2002), ‘‘Employee attitudes and behavioral intentions: a test of the main and moderating effects of individualism-collectivism orientations’’, Human Relations, Vol. 55 No. 9, pp. 1071-96. Ramamoorthy, N., Gupta, A., Sardessai, R.M. and Flood, P.C. (2005), ‘‘Individualism/collectivism and attitudes toward human resource systems: a comparative study of American, Irish, and Indian MBA students’’, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 16 No. 5, pp. 852-69. Rotter, J.B. (1966), ‘‘Generalized expectations for internal vs. external reinforcement’’, Psychological Monographs, Vol. 80 (whole no. 609). Rousseau, D.M. (1989), ‘‘Psychological and implied contracts in organizations’’, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 121-39. Rousseau, D.M. (1995), Psychological contracts in organizations: Understanding written and unwritten agreements, Sage Publications, Newbury Park. Psychological contract 303 MRN 31,4 304 Rousseau, D.M. (1997), ‘‘Organizational behavior in the new organizational era’’, Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 48, pp. 515-46. Rousseau, D.M. and Schalk, R. (2000), ‘‘Introduction’’, in Rousseau, D.M. and Schalk, R. (Eds), Psychological Contracts: Cross-national Perspectives, Sage, London, pp. 1-28. Rousseau, D.M. (2001), ‘‘Schema, promise, and mutuality: the building blocks of the psychological contract’’, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 74, pp. 511-41. Sauley, K.S. and Bedeian, A.G. (2000), ‘‘Equity sensitivity: construction of a measure and examination of its psychometric properties’’, Journal of Management, Vol. 26 No. 5, pp. 885-910. Semykina, A. and Linz, S.J. (2006), ‘‘Gender differences in personality and earnings: evidence from Russia’’, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 28, pp. 387-410. Spector, P. (1988) ‘‘Development of the work locus of control scale’’, Journal of Occupational Psychology, Vol. 61, pp. 335-40. Stewart, G.L. (1996), ‘‘Reward structure as a moderator of the relationship between extraversion and sales performance’’, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 81, pp. 619-27. Thomas, D.C. and Au, K. (2002), ‘‘The effect of cultural differences on behavioral responses to low job satisfaction’’, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 33 No. 2, pp. 309-26. Thomas, D.C., Au, K. and Ravlin, E.C. (2003), ‘‘Cultural variation and the psychological contract’’, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 24, pp. 451-71. Triandis, H.C. (1995), Individualism and collectivism, Westview, Boulder, CO. Westwood, R., Sparrow, P. and Leung, A. (2001), ‘‘Challenges to the psychological contract in Hong Kong’’, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 621-51. Further reading Grimmer, M. and Oddy, M. (2007), ‘‘Violation of the psychological contract: the mediating effect of relational versus transaction beliefs’’, Australian Journal of Management, Vol. 32 No. 1, pp. 153-74. Judge, T.A., Bono, J.E. and Locke, E.A. (2000), ‘‘Personality and job satisfaction: the mediating role of job characteristics’’, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 85, pp. 237-49. Miles, E.W., Hatfield, J.D. and Huseman, R.C. (1994), ‘‘Equity sensitivity and outcome importance’’, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 15, pp. 585-96. About the authors Jun Zhao is an Associate Professor of Management within the College of Business and Public Administration, Governors State University in University Park, IL, USA. She received her DBA from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. Her research interests include corporate restructuring, organizational downsizing, psychological contract, and cross-cultural management studies. She has published papers in the Academy of Management Review and various national and international conference proceedings. Jun Zhao is the corresponding author and can be contacted at: j-zhao@govst.edu Lijun Chen is an associate professor in the Government Department of the College of Public Administration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China. She received her PhD from the College of Science, Zhejiang University Psychology Department. She is a 2006-2007 Fulbright Research Scholar in the Raj Soin College of Business, Wright State University, USA. Her research interests include individual and organizational integrity, integrity tests, business ethics, psychological contract, and cross-cultural management. To purchase reprints of this article please e-mail: reprints@emeraldinsight.com Or visit our web site for further details: www.emeraldinsight.com/reprints Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.