Paper towels are made from softwood trees which contain long fibers. The tree goes thru several processes before it is actually turned into a paper towel. The paper towel is made from pulp in which the water is removed and the fibers then bond into sheets. Also, resin is added to the process to give the paper towel strength (Union). Several layers are then put together with adhesive and then formed into a paper towel (Choudhury). Some paper towels are embossed to form air pockets which help to absorb more liquid and help to add more strength (Union).…
This gave me a much more solid understanding for the process of papermaking. The paper itself is made from the fibers of a species of Ficus tree, called Amate in Yukatek, and coated with a fine layer of lime plaster. To make this paper, first bark from trees is collected, torn into small bits, and then soaked over a period of time to soften the bark for when it is turned into pulp. Once the pulp reaches the desired level it is rinsed with clean water and then kept in water until it is processed. The pulp is then arranged onto boards and beaten into a thin flat paper. The paper is then taken to dry, which could have taken anywhere from two hours to two days depending on the…
The first cardboard box was produced somewhere in England around 1817 (Hook, n.d.). From that time, cardboard box manufacturers have added specialty sizes and configurations, fiber strands for strength, custom inserts and easy opening closures. The manufacturing process starts in the forest with trees that are felled to create wood pulp which is ground, pressed, rolled and heated into sheets of cardboard paper. A machine creates the flutes which are the middle material between two flat sheets of paperboard. This gives a layer of cushioning between the sheets and also adds strength to the walls of the box. Some boxes use two layers of flutes sandwiched between with three layers of flat paperboard which are called double wall boxes. The next step up is triple wall which uses three layers of flutes between four layers of paperboard.…
Fibres are small and compact, which gives the wood a greater mechanical strength and…
How Paper is Made (1998). In Pulp and Fiber Products. Retrieved September 17, 2011, from…
Advantages for using paper-based shipping containers are due to the corrugated box being a sustainable, versatile, and lightweight material. The paper-based shipping container can be used for multitudes of products and can be made into a custom-manufactured shipping container for those products. Typically these containers are used for transporting a wide range of goods such as packaged goods, produce, meat products, and etc. Corrugated box usages are good for the environment due to it being both reusable and recyclable. The paper product can be compostable which will be good for the environment since it will not end up in a landfill if properly handled. Since the product is biodegradable it is better for the environment. 1…
The terms parchment and vellum are also used in the paper making industry. Parchment paper is made from cellulose fibers prepared from fir trees or plants such as cotton or flax. Paper can be made which mimics the thickness and smooth surface of parchment. The terms refer to the finish of the paper and should not be relied upon as an indicator of its long term…
The strength of paper (y) used in the manufacture of cardboard boxes is related to the percent of hardwood concentration (x) in the original pulp. Under uncontrolled conditions, a pilot plan manufacturers 16 samples, each from a different batch of pulp, and measured the tensile strength. The data are shown below.…
Environmental arrangement: This activity takes place in the classroom by the white board where the teacher will hang the coconut tree.…
The procurement of trees can occur either when rights are sold to cut down trees on land that is set to be urbanized or when commercial tree farms are sowed, grown, cut, resowed on the same land. Both means take energy, but the former takes a more natural, less energy intensive path, while the latter takes more energy input from the use of fossil fuels to power the machines to plant, sow and maintain the tree farms. Once the trees are felled, requiring energy input, it is converted to pulp. The transformation of tree chips into pulp and then paper is an energy intensive endeavor, taking fossil fuel inputs to form and shape the paper into a specific product. Some paper products take more processing in order to obtain the final product. Paper that needs to be white, undergoes a bleaching process, taking an input of chemicals and more fossil fuels, which may lead to the contamination of water resources. Once the final paper product is produced, it needs to be moved to market, which again is fossil fuel intensive. The use of diesel, oil and gasoline is not only used to transport the paper product but also used by the consumer of to move the paper product to its final destination. Lastly, once the paper product is no longer needed it is either put into in a landfill or it begins a recycling phase, which uses fossil fuels to move the waste paper and then transform it back into a pulp.…
Paper was invented by Cai Lun in 105 AD. Cai Lun not only greatly improved the papermaking technique, but also made it possible to use a variety of materials, such as tree bark, hemp, rags, etc. Paper appears to have been made by from a suspension of hemp waste in water, washed, soaked, and beaten to a pulp with a wooden mallet. Eventually, tree bark, bamboo, and other plant fibers were used in addition to hemp. Bamboo paper was produced in the Tang Dynasty and is probably the best-known paper, which is mainly used in Chinese painting and calligraphy. Xuan…
Palm oil is a vegetable oil that can be eaten that comes from fruit plantations, grown over staple African palm oil. Palm oil comes from West Africa, but can flourish wherever heat and rainfall are abundant. Today, oil palm planted throughout Africa, Asia, North America and South America. All global palm oil produced and exported from Indonesia and Malaysia but most of the time not using sustainable measures. From my views, in the formation of the oil palm industry it would apply to major issues such as the uprooting of forests, habitat degradation, climate change and the violation of such rights of indigenous peoples in the countries where it is produced. According to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), an area the equivalent size of 300 football fields of rainforest is cleared each hour to make way for palm oil production. This large-scale deforestation is pushing many species to extinction.…
The African oil palm is the principal source of palm oil. This species of palm tree can grow only in the tropical regions of the planet, as a result, the growing demand for palm oil has had a negative impact on the environment, particularly to the world’s tropical regions. Palm oil can be found everywhere, from the food we eat, to the gasoline we use to fuel our vehicles. It can be argued that boycotting palm oil is the solution to the negative environmental effects it has on the planet. However, the reality is that boycotting palm oil is almost impossible because this valuable oil is found in innumerable products. “Palm oil is in everything. It's the mostly widely consumed vegetable oil on the planet, and is in roughly half of all packaged…
Forest Hill Paper Company (FHPC) is a small, closely-held paperboard manufacturer that produces a broad line of paperboard in large reels, termed parent rolls. These parent rolls are sold to converters who further process them into containers used for a diverse line of consumer products, such as packaging for microwavable meals. The owners of FHPC have long pursued the strategy of producing a full range of products. As a small company competing against large companies in a commodity market, management believes Forest Hill must offer a full range of both products and services. Thus, Forest Hill’s strategy is to create a niche based on service and rapid response to customer needs. While product diversity within a paperboard plant would not be apparent to a casual observer, subtle differences exist. For example, paperboard differs by basis weight (thickness determined by caliper measurements) for a specified length of product. Additionally, paperboard may be uncoated or coated with an opaque, white clay-based material that masks cosmetic flaws and smooths surface variability. Customers are increasingly concerned with surface variability because an extremely smooth finish is required to accommodate complex printed designs on the completed paperboard container or carton.…
The product is anticipated to be cheaper to manufacture compared to a standard coffin. Raw materials which can be used include wood, natural fiber shrouds, fair-trade bamboo caskets lined with unbleached cotton; however, the business will mainly use recycled newspapers because it is easy to procure from recycle stations, and it is cheaper than the cited options. There is also no need for a special machine that will be used to produce the said caskets since the making of a wooden coffin is not significantly different from any other type of carpentry or cabinetry.…