Ilets
ESSENTIAL READINGS FOR THE IELTS
Mohammad Ali Salmani-Nodoushan, PhD University of Zanjan
ZABANKADEH PUBLICATIONS
No. 8, Bazarcheh Ketaab, Enghelab Avenue, Tehran, Iran Phone: + 98 21 66402367 Fax: + 98 21 66492961
© 2005 by Zabankadeh Publications No 8, Bazarcheh Ketaab, Enghelab Sq., P.O. Box: 13145-564 Tehran, Iran E-Mail: info@ zabankadeh.net Tel: 0216402367 Fax: 0216492961
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.
Essential Readings for the IELTS
Author: Mohammad Ali Salmani-Nodoushan, PhD Printed in Iran Salmani-Nodoushan, Mohammad Ali ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻧُﺪوﺷﻦ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ 8431 ـ ()اﻳﺴﻨﺸﺎل رﻳﺪﻳﻨﮕﺰ ﻓﺮ د آي. اي. ال. ﺗﻲ. اس
Essential Readings for the IELTS / Mohammad Ali Salmani-Nodoushan
4831=5002 م، زﺑﺎﻧﻜﺪه: ﺗﻬﺮان . ، 081 صxii .اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ISBN *************** .ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻓﻴﭙﺎ
Essential Readings for the IELTS :1. زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ -- ****. 2. ***. اﻟﻒ. ﻋﻨﻮان
***** **** 48 - م
Essential Readings for the IELTS
PE **** / ***** 1384 ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ اﻳﺮان
ﻣﻮﻟﻒ: دﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻧُﺪوﺷﻦ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات زﺑﺎﻧﻜﺪه ﭼﺎپ اول 4831، ﺗﻴﺮاژ 0003 ﻧﺴﺨﻪ، ﭼﺎپ دﻳﺒﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات زﺑﺎﻧﻜﺪه ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﺮداري، ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ و ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده .دﻳﮕﺮ از ﻣﺘﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﻤﻨﻮع ﺑﻮده و ﻣﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻴﮕﺮد ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻗﺮار ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ
8 ﺗﻬﺮان، روﺑﺮوي دﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان، ﺑﺎزارﭼﻪ ﻛﺘﺎب، ﺷﻤﺎره (021) 6492961 :ﺗﻠﻔﻦ: 7632046 )120( ﻓﺎﻛﺲ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ: **** رﻳﺎل ISBN: 13145 ﺻﻨﺪوق ﭘﺴﺘﻲ: 465 ـ :ﺷﺎﺑﻚ
TO MY STUDENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am indebted to many people who have contributed to the preparation of this book. Teachers from Canada to Japan have tested the materials and given me their advice. Special thanks are given to Richard W. Sorfleet, Tim Allen, Lori Lantz, Tenchi Kamiyama, and Sakura Mitsuki. Many students have used
Mohammad Ali Salmani-Nodoushan, PhD University of Zanjan
ZABANKADEH PUBLICATIONS
No. 8, Bazarcheh Ketaab, Enghelab Avenue, Tehran, Iran Phone: + 98 21 66402367 Fax: + 98 21 66492961
© 2005 by Zabankadeh Publications No 8, Bazarcheh Ketaab, Enghelab Sq., P.O. Box: 13145-564 Tehran, Iran E-Mail: info@ zabankadeh.net Tel: 0216402367 Fax: 0216492961
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.
Essential Readings for the IELTS
Author: Mohammad Ali Salmani-Nodoushan, PhD Printed in Iran Salmani-Nodoushan, Mohammad Ali ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻧُﺪوﺷﻦ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ 8431 ـ ()اﻳﺴﻨﺸﺎل رﻳﺪﻳﻨﮕﺰ ﻓﺮ د آي. اي. ال. ﺗﻲ. اس
Essential Readings for the IELTS / Mohammad Ali Salmani-Nodoushan
4831=5002 م، زﺑﺎﻧﻜﺪه: ﺗﻬﺮان . ، 081 صxii .اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ISBN *************** .ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺘﻨﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻓﻴﭙﺎ
Essential Readings for the IELTS :1. زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ -- ****. 2. ***. اﻟﻒ. ﻋﻨﻮان
***** **** 48 - م
Essential Readings for the IELTS
PE **** / ***** 1384 ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ اﻳﺮان
ﻣﻮﻟﻒ: دﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻧُﺪوﺷﻦ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات زﺑﺎﻧﻜﺪه ﭼﺎپ اول 4831، ﺗﻴﺮاژ 0003 ﻧﺴﺨﻪ، ﭼﺎپ دﻳﺒﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات زﺑﺎﻧﻜﺪه ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺑﺮداري، ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ و ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده .دﻳﮕﺮ از ﻣﺘﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﻤﻨﻮع ﺑﻮده و ﻣﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻴﮕﺮد ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻗﺮار ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ
8 ﺗﻬﺮان، روﺑﺮوي دﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان، ﺑﺎزارﭼﻪ ﻛﺘﺎب، ﺷﻤﺎره (021) 6492961 :ﺗﻠﻔﻦ: 7632046 )120( ﻓﺎﻛﺲ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ: **** رﻳﺎل ISBN: 13145 ﺻﻨﺪوق ﭘﺴﺘﻲ: 465 ـ :ﺷﺎﺑﻚ
TO MY STUDENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am indebted to many people who have contributed to the preparation of this book. Teachers from Canada to Japan have tested the materials and given me their advice. Special thanks are given to Richard W. Sorfleet, Tim Allen, Lori Lantz, Tenchi Kamiyama, and Sakura Mitsuki. Many students have used