IB Chemistry SL Stochiometry IA
Determining Stoichiometric Ratios:
NaOH and HCl & NaOH and H2SO4 Reactions
Contents
Introduction
3
Materials & Procedure
4
Raw Data
8
Processed Data
15
Graphs
16
Conclusion & Evaluation
17
Introduction
Background Information
Stoichiometry is a critical component in chemistry, and helps in understanding the quantitative relationship between the number of moles of reactants and products in a reaction.
Objective
In this experiment, the reactions between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid will be studied.
Beginning Questions
When will the maximum extent of the reaction occur? Which will the limiting reagent? Which of the two acid-base combinations will absorb/liberate the greatest amount of heat energy?
Hypothesis
When NaOH and HCl are mixed, the maximum extent of the reaction should occur approximately when the amount of acid is slightly higher than the base. HCl will be the limiting reagent. When NaOH and H2SO4 are mixed, the maximum extent of the reaction should occur approximately when the amount of base is slightly higher than the acid. NaOH will be the limiting reagent. Of the two combinations, the reaction between NaOH and H2SO4 will likely absorb/release the greatest amount of heat energy, because the mole ratio is 2:1, whereas the mole ratio of NaOH and HCl is 1:1.
Variables
The amount of each reagent in acid-base reactions will be systematically varied between the trials, and will total 50 mL when combined. One of the two reagents will begin at 45 mL, and the other at 5 mL. The former will decrease in increments of 5 mL while the latter increases in increments of 5 mL. The independent variable is the varying measurements of reactant, while the dependent variable is the temperature change as result of the reaction taking place. It is crucial that the molarity of the acid and base remain constant.
Materials & Procedure
Materials
NaOH and HCl & NaOH and H2SO4 Reactions
Contents
Introduction
3
Materials & Procedure
4
Raw Data
8
Processed Data
15
Graphs
16
Conclusion & Evaluation
17
Introduction
Background Information
Stoichiometry is a critical component in chemistry, and helps in understanding the quantitative relationship between the number of moles of reactants and products in a reaction.
Objective
In this experiment, the reactions between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid will be studied.
Beginning Questions
When will the maximum extent of the reaction occur? Which will the limiting reagent? Which of the two acid-base combinations will absorb/liberate the greatest amount of heat energy?
Hypothesis
When NaOH and HCl are mixed, the maximum extent of the reaction should occur approximately when the amount of acid is slightly higher than the base. HCl will be the limiting reagent. When NaOH and H2SO4 are mixed, the maximum extent of the reaction should occur approximately when the amount of base is slightly higher than the acid. NaOH will be the limiting reagent. Of the two combinations, the reaction between NaOH and H2SO4 will likely absorb/release the greatest amount of heat energy, because the mole ratio is 2:1, whereas the mole ratio of NaOH and HCl is 1:1.
Variables
The amount of each reagent in acid-base reactions will be systematically varied between the trials, and will total 50 mL when combined. One of the two reagents will begin at 45 mL, and the other at 5 mL. The former will decrease in increments of 5 mL while the latter increases in increments of 5 mL. The independent variable is the varying measurements of reactant, while the dependent variable is the temperature change as result of the reaction taking place. It is crucial that the molarity of the acid and base remain constant.
Materials & Procedure
Materials