Hydrocarbon
HOMOLOGOUS SERIES | ALKANE | ALKENE | ALCOHOL | CARBOXYLIC ACID | ESTER | GENERAL FORMULA | CnH2n+2, where n= 1,2,3,.. | CnH2n, where n= 2,3,4,.. | CnH2n+1OH, where n= 1,2,3 | CnH2n+1COOH, where n= -0,1,2,3,.. | CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1, where n= 0,1,2,3,.. and m= 1,2,3,.. | PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | * MP & BP Size of hydrocarbon molecules inc, f.o.a inc, more heat overcome f.o.a * Density Mass per molecule inc faster than volume per molecule * Gas – liquidSize of hydrocarbon molecule inc, f.o.a stronger, mp&bp inc * Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvent(covalent comp) * Insulator * Less dense than water | * MP & BP Size of hydrocarbon molecules inc, f.o.a inc, more heat overcome f.o.a * Density mass per molecule inc faster than volume per molecule * Gas – liquidSize of hydrocarbon molecules inc, f.o.a stronger, mp&bp inc * Insoluble in water * Insulator * Less dense than water | * MP&BP * Colourless liquid at RT * Volatile * Soluble in waterDissolve in organic compund * Less dense than water | * BP(118OC) * Colourless liquid at RT * Sharp & pungent smell * Soluble in water | * Colourless liquid at RT * Fragrant smell * Volatile * Insoluble in water * Less dense than water | STATE | First 4 alkanes (gas) | First 3 alkene(gas) | - | - | - | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CHEMICAL PROPERTIES | * CombustionComplete- CO2 + H2OIncomplete- C+H2O, CO+H2O * Substitution-Alkanes+halogen(Cl2,Br2)-exposed to sunlight/UV-hydrogen replace by halogen * Cracking-Long chain alkane flow over catalyst(silica,SiO2,alumina, Al2O3-temperature: 500oC | * CombustionComplete- CO2 + H2OIncomplete- C+H2O, CO+H2O * Addition-halogenation, hydration, hydrogenation,hydrohalogenation, oxidation * PolymerisationCombine monomers to form polymers. | | |