Horse Respiratory System Research Paper
he Respiratory System
Fig 4. Horse’s respiratory system
The functions of the respiratory system are to provide the body with oxygen, to remove carbon dioxide from the body, to control temperature (breathing out warm air and breathing in cool air), to eliminate water, to communicate (Voice production) and sensory input (Smell/ touch- nose hairs). The respiratory system consists of the nostrils, pharynx, larynx,
Nostrils
The nostrils expand to allow air to enter the respiratory system, hairs within the nostrils trap foreign bodies. Air is warmed as it passes through the nasal chambers, the nasal cavity is then divided by turbinate bones into nasal metatuses.
Pharynx
Next is the pharynx which is the muscular cavity just past the nasal cavity, …show more content…
During rest the horses systems are under less stress and do not work as hard as there is less demand. Inhalation occurs as the rib cage expands using the intercostal muscles which causes the diaphragm to contract and flatten meaning the thorax enlarges. Gaseous exchange occurs as oxygen diffuses through the alveoli into the thinly walled capillaries. The oxygenated blood goes into the left atrium and through the bicuspid valve to left ventricle then is pumped through aorta to the body. Tissues collect the oxygen and the deoxygenate blood comes through the vena cava into the right atrium then moves through tricuspid valve to the right ventricle which constricts and the blood is pumped through the pulmonary artery into the lungs. This is where gaseous exchange occurs again and waste products are diffused into the alveoli then exhaled. When exhaling the pressure in the thoracic cavity increases which forces air out. This type of respiration is aerobic as it uses …show more content…
In asymmetric gaits such as canter and gallop as the hind leg lands expiration begins. The respiratory system however does not respond to training but may affect it such as alveolar recruitment, this is when the alveoli is clearing by removing mucous and debris which allows a larger lung capacity to be used which allows more oxygen to be breathed in meaning it is more efficient. Muscular development of the chest and the diaphragm occurs which means they are stronger creating a more efficient system. Lastly, pulmonary capillarisation occurs this is where the blood vessels surrounding the alveoli respond to the oxygen demand by increasing the number of capillaries surrounding the alveoli. There are different effects on the systems from exercise, there are immediate and long term affects. Immediate affects are the heart rate increases and the heart muscle contracts more forceful, this allows more blood to be pumped around the blood quicker. Long term affects are the heart muscle becomes stronger, this allows the heart to hold more blood and pump the blood more effectively around the body. Training programmes allow these affects to occur and create more efficient systems as it teaches the body to use more oxygen by increasing the aerobic threshold meaning the onset of anaerobic
Fig 4. Horse’s respiratory system
The functions of the respiratory system are to provide the body with oxygen, to remove carbon dioxide from the body, to control temperature (breathing out warm air and breathing in cool air), to eliminate water, to communicate (Voice production) and sensory input (Smell/ touch- nose hairs). The respiratory system consists of the nostrils, pharynx, larynx,
Nostrils
The nostrils expand to allow air to enter the respiratory system, hairs within the nostrils trap foreign bodies. Air is warmed as it passes through the nasal chambers, the nasal cavity is then divided by turbinate bones into nasal metatuses.
Pharynx
Next is the pharynx which is the muscular cavity just past the nasal cavity, …show more content…
During rest the horses systems are under less stress and do not work as hard as there is less demand. Inhalation occurs as the rib cage expands using the intercostal muscles which causes the diaphragm to contract and flatten meaning the thorax enlarges. Gaseous exchange occurs as oxygen diffuses through the alveoli into the thinly walled capillaries. The oxygenated blood goes into the left atrium and through the bicuspid valve to left ventricle then is pumped through aorta to the body. Tissues collect the oxygen and the deoxygenate blood comes through the vena cava into the right atrium then moves through tricuspid valve to the right ventricle which constricts and the blood is pumped through the pulmonary artery into the lungs. This is where gaseous exchange occurs again and waste products are diffused into the alveoli then exhaled. When exhaling the pressure in the thoracic cavity increases which forces air out. This type of respiration is aerobic as it uses …show more content…
In asymmetric gaits such as canter and gallop as the hind leg lands expiration begins. The respiratory system however does not respond to training but may affect it such as alveolar recruitment, this is when the alveoli is clearing by removing mucous and debris which allows a larger lung capacity to be used which allows more oxygen to be breathed in meaning it is more efficient. Muscular development of the chest and the diaphragm occurs which means they are stronger creating a more efficient system. Lastly, pulmonary capillarisation occurs this is where the blood vessels surrounding the alveoli respond to the oxygen demand by increasing the number of capillaries surrounding the alveoli. There are different effects on the systems from exercise, there are immediate and long term affects. Immediate affects are the heart rate increases and the heart muscle contracts more forceful, this allows more blood to be pumped around the blood quicker. Long term affects are the heart muscle becomes stronger, this allows the heart to hold more blood and pump the blood more effectively around the body. Training programmes allow these affects to occur and create more efficient systems as it teaches the body to use more oxygen by increasing the aerobic threshold meaning the onset of anaerobic