Morphine is one of many different chemicals present in raw opium (codiene, morphine, papaverine, and others are all naturally occuring in opium.) Morphine is refined by cooking raw opium with chemicals like lye, and ammonia. Pure morphine is the world standard of painkillers, and generally the number one choice of doctors for treating severe pain.…
Dr. Harold Shipman admitted, as a college student, he took a very keen interest in drugs while at the Leeds University medical school (England, 2015). Dr. Shipman equally shared an intense interest in his mother’s morphine treatment as she battled lung cancer when he was still a teenager (Harold Shipman, 2014). He strongly believed this drug was instrumental in alleviating her pain up until she passed away (Harold Shipman, 2014). Soon after Dr. Shipman completed medical school and was working as a general practitioner, he became addicted to Pethidine. After his troubles with drug addition, he once again worked as a family doctor (Harold Shipman, 2014). Morphine became Dr. Shipman’s murder weapon of choice. Pathologists stated at the murder trial this was the cause of death for the majority of Dr. Shipman’s victims (Harold Shipman, 2014). It was also proven that he had illegally stockpiled morphine by forging prescriptions, over-prescribing, and collecting unused morphine for his deceased patients (Harold Shipman, 2014).…
Morphine is used in many patients who have had major surgery and even older adults who have stopped eating and are at their end of life stage. It’s a type of medication that actually will slow down and stop pain from nerves in the spine that send/receive pain signals. Morphine can stop pain from morphine receptors all over the body (Jahormi 2012). Morphine is usually used in a medical/hospital setting and can be taking by mouth or injected into the body via needle, drip or pick line. There are many diseases that can be impacted by the use of morphine like Liver Disease, hypothyroidism and hypotension. Morphine is not sold over the counter and is prescribed by a doctor as a need-based medication, like many other pain medications.…
Heroin comes from opium. Opium is a milky white liquid that is extracted from immature poppy plants. Two opiates, codeine and morphine, are found in this milky white liquid and are used for…
Diacetylmorphine, aka: heroin, smack, horse, black tar, china white, and H, the slang names are as numerous as the places you can score this highly addictive narcotic. Heroin, a derivative of morphine, via opium, which comes from the resin of the Papaver somniferum plant has been in use for nearly 3500 years (Doweiko,2012, p.137). To understand the fascination, addiction, and potential therapies of heroin, we must first understand its history.…
Over many years the abuse of Heroin has been known, but now the epidemic is out of control and many are dying daily. Heroin is a substance that is synthesized from morphine, and extracted from the poppy seed plant. The opium poppy has been refined for more than five thousand years for a variety of medicinal uses. When heroin was first created it was used as a cough syrup and pain killer. At first people believe it would help with morphine and opium addiction but then doctors realized people were becoming addicted to heroin. Heroin was first synthesized in 1874, and then marketed by the Beyer Company in Germany in 1898 until 1910. Beyer exported Heroin to more that 23 countries in 1899. In 1914 the Harrison Act was passed, and it was the aggressively enforced that all Physicians, who were prescribing drugs to addicts would be punished. Between 1915 and 1938 over five thousand physicians were found guilt for violating the Harrison Act. The modern drug war started in the 1960s and continues today with no success in combating the epidemic on drugs.…
Wilm Mistral illustrates the opium wars in this book titled The Emerging Perspectives on Substance Misuse. He explain that in the 1800’s the British began supplying the Chinese with opiates since it it was considered an economic benefit to the UK which then contributed to the Chinese relying heavily on opiates as a way of relieving pain since the active ingredient in it was morphine. At the same time, manufacturing of morphine and heroin began which in 1868 brought the British Pharmacy Act. The pharmacy act was designed to prevent overdose over widespread opiates and held medical professionals responsible for prescribing them. Once opium addicted Chinese immigrants migrated to the U.S. to build the transcontinental railroad on the west coast the American government started demonizing the use of opium by creating literature “portraying opium use as squalid and violent, and purified morphine and heroin became widely available for injection” (Mistral). Opiates were then considered officially illegal in 1914 with the Harrison Narcotics Act (Mistral). The chinese demonization of a once widely spread drug is a prime example the discriminatory politics of drug use in the United States. Through the War on Drugs and the history associated with the…
The first mass-scale production of MDMA for recreational use in the United States came courtesy of the so-called Boston Group, a small contingent of chemists who were tenured professors at MIT and Harvard and who were colleagues of LSD guru Timothy Leary. The Boston Group took it themselves first and then went on to handpick distributors in New York to distribute MDMA at Studio 54 and Paradise Garage. It was touted as a healthier alternative to cocaine.…
Opiates are a group of narcotics that contain opium or natural synthetic opium (Shoenfeld, 2012). Some of the commonly abused opiates include: Oxycodone, Hydrocodone, Heroin, Codeine, Morphine, and Methadone as well as many other pain medications. They can be crushed and snorted, taken orally, and even injected. The most restrictive legally available drugs are the opiates Methadone and Morphine (Shoenfeld, 2012). They are prescribed for severe pain. Individuals can be prescribed methadone as an option for treatment but in reality is highly addictive and commonly abused.…
Sally Thoren, states in the article “people think, it starts with the doctor, mom took it for a toothache or a broken bone. How bad can it be?” executive director of Gateway Foundation says. It's important to examine the ingredients that these medications are created of. Painkillers are known to be options, are synthetic versions of opium used to relieve moderate to severe chronic pain described in the article. It’s the fastest grown drug addiction in the country, and few people have realized it. As a person continues to take theses narcotics, the brain sends a signal to the body requiring to have it. After a while, the brain tends to want more of the drug, to try to achieve the same dopamine high. Throughout the years, the increase of drug intake has increased. As Kane-Willis Says in the article” “in the “80 and early 90s there was so little pain medicine prescribed, Now the pendulum has kind of swung the other…
For millennia, chronic and acute severe pain treatment has been effective with opioids and in most places, they are a standard care. Conversely, continued opioid uses have brought about concerns on its safety, abuse liability and effectiveness which drive warning perceptions leading to a higher degree of the willingness to approve this treatment means. In the United States, the past decades have witnessed the shift of attitudes in response to epidemiological and clinical observations manifested in the regulatory and legal spheres.1,2The legitimate medical opioids use for analgesia purposes and abuse or addiction interface challenges the clinical profession hence uncertainty on the appropriate opioid role in pain treatment. The National Institute…
Morphine is a drug that is used as an anesthetic. It works by affecting chemicals in the nervous system, which are involved in the sensation of pain. It can cause…
Starting in the ancient Egyptian days and before BC was an oilseed called poppy also known as (opium seeds) used medically to help babies calm down and sleep. It was said to be a sedative that worked miracles and was used in food, milk, as well as for fertilizing. These seeds are grown in various civilizations such as China, Turkey and the Neverland’s and are known to be used by motley the Jewish, Europeans and Indians. In just 60 days a poppy seed can grow up to 2 feet and be filled with poppy flowers full of the opium chemical which farmers are known to place in low humility to continue growth. Then within 90 days the seeds are removed and the opium pods are prepared and shipped to the USA to government regulated opium farms with in…
The abuse of opiates started back in the 1900's. Throughout these years the abuse has become advanced. Marvin D. Seppala M.D. a chief medical officer stated in his book Prescription Painkillers: History, Pharmacology, and Treatment. "Drugs have been used for millennia in their natural form." “These agents were reprocessed and made more widely available in highly refined and far more potent forms- among them morphine and heroin (refined from opium leaves) and cocaine (from coco leaves) (p8)." Although prescription painkillers are legal in the United States with a prescription from a physician, many Americans are oblivious about the tremendous negative effect opiates have on one’s health mentally and physically.…
pain of any patient. The reason I know this is that recently my mother was in…