Assess the reasons for British concerns in the Balkans and the Mediterranean in the period 1856-1902…
The abrupt end of the Cold War meant that the bipolar model of thinking which had dominated the sphere of World Politics for decades became obsolete. This new phase led to a renewal in thinking in the study of International Relations dubbed “the hundred schools of thought” which led to a wide spectrum of visions about the uncertain future of world affairs.…
3. Include at least two (2) peer-reviewed references (no more than five [5] years old) from material outside the textbook to support your views regarding the proposed U.S. response to the conflict in Bosnia. Note: Appropriate peer-reviewed references include scholarly articles and governmental Websites. Do not use open source…
Edward P. Joseph (2005, January 01). Back to the Balkans. Foreign Affairs, 111, Retrieved from http://elibrary.bigchalk.com…
Realists are doubtful when it comes to international politics. Realists agree that creating a peaceful world would be best, but that would mean not having to worry about a world of security competition and war. "Realism," as E. H. Carr notes, "tends to emphasize the irresistible strength of existing forces and the inevitable character of existing tendencies, and to insist that the highest wisdom lies in accepting, and adapting oneself to these forces and these…
In the 1990s, the world witnessed a struggle between supporters and opponents of NATO expansion, the first stage of which ended with the victory of the expansionists, revealed deep contradictions between both the West and the East, that changed their geopolitical outlines within the western elites on the issue of the future world order . In the late 1990’s the idea that had seemed meaningless, hopeless and dangerous to many in the west was realized, the former members of the Warsaw Pact: Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary became members of NATO. Later on, meanwhile the North Atlantic alliance, composed by 19 states, violated the UN Charter and the entire international order, by attacking the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It was clear that…
The article discusses that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) peace enforcement mission and the United Nations (UN) protectorate failed to credibly establish their authority. Also, a loosely veiled incarnation of the Kosovo Liberation Army. And is described as implementing a policy of systematic revenge killings.…
Mertus, Julie. Kosovo: How Myths and Truths Started a War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. p.7…
The missing presence of war within democracies are explained by the wide variety of different historical, economic, and political events that did not support military violence between democratic states. The democratic peace challenges the effectiveness of other governmental bodies which highlights balance-of-power estimations and strategic interests to provide factual reasoning on the peace and stability that is built in democratic system. The idea of spreading democracies is something that would bring greater international peace only if a state becomes increasingly economically interdependent and rely heavily on international organizations (The Fact of Democratic Peace). There are two main ideas that make up the democratic peace theory. The…
In the international realm, states will inevitably seek a balance of power. When a number of weaker states are threatened by a coalition of stronger states, they join forces, establish a formal alliance, and seek to persevere their own independence by checking the power of the opposing side. Balance of power seeks to ensure the equilibrium of power in which case no one state is in a position to dominate all the others. The aims of the Balance of Power Theory is to preserve the independence and survival of individual nation-states, preserve the state system, and prevent any one state from dominating the system. The means to achieve this is through vigilance, alliance, reciprocal communication, intervention, and…
War in the Balkans broke out in the early 1990’s, after the Serb president Milosevic began his campaign of Serb national dominance. Prior to Milosevic’s secession of…
For the nature of this essay, peace is defined as a period without a conflict involving fatalities of more than 1,000 military members. The United States and the U.S.S.R. knew that a war could be started by the push of the button, 2 pounds of force. There are many reasons for why a war was not started during the 43-year period, one of which is known at the Security Dilemma. Part of the Offense-Defense Model, the Security Dilemma is a Neorealist tradition whereas one state increases its security it subsequently decreases the security of others. In relation to the Cold War, Gaddis writes that after the fall of Germany, “there was less of an incentive for these former allies… to keep their anxieties under control. Each crisis that arose fed the next one, and with the result that a divided Europe became a reality.” The Security Dilemma is just one of the possible outcomes of the Offense-Defense…
However, military conflicts can destabilise this concept of the balance of power. The resulting devastation has drawn attention to the need for the legal system to preserve and maintain world order. However, the processes and restrictions brought about through such organisations as the UN and governments brings about dispute to the effectiveness of international power.…
The Yugoslavian Conflict Yugoslavia is a country burdened by feuding sides in a war that cannot soon be resolved. The United Nations are attempting to help the situation, but until the people of Yugoslavia can come to an agreement continued warfare and heartache is inevitable. The problems in Yugoslavia began because the country is separated into two distinct parts.…
The conflict in Kosovo has an ethnic nature but can be seen both from the instrumental and symbolic points of view. From a symbolic point of view, the root of the conflict is that Serb nationalists believe that Kosovo is the cradle of the Serbian nation. The Serbian medieval state was located in the Kosovo region and its surroundings. The most important date on the Serb national calendar is the 15th of June (1389) when battle of Kosovo Polje took place. The Serbs were defeated by the Ottoman Empire. During the 500 year reign of the Ottoman Empire over the area Christian Serbs left the region, making Muslims and Albanians the most favored. After the first Balkan wars, Serbia regained control of the Kosovo are from the Turks. Serbs feel that Kosovo is Serb by right and history and so they shall control it even though they are a minority in the region. Ethnic Albanese feel discriminated by this Serbian minority, for over 500 years Kosovo, though under the Turkish empire, was controlled and administered by Albanians. They believe Serbs lost the right to control the territory when they were defeated by the Ottoman Empire and thus have no right to control and discriminate them.…