Preview

Globalisation of Business Activities

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
5769 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Globalisation of Business Activities
GLOBALISATION- A BACK GROUND STUDY

Globalization has been the prominent buzz word of recent times from America to Europe and the UK to Japan to Nigeria in West Africa this is what is making the world go round and indeed flat. It is common to hear of today’s world economic system as being “globalisation”. Some describe the historical events leading up to today’s global free trade “inevitable”. The UK’S former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was famous for her TINA acronym and Gordon Brown the current PM encourages UK global trading by welcoming even more foreign investors. So, whether in the newspaper articles, politician speeches, or business leader press conferences the G-word appears to be the most important issue in contemporary society.

Many see the recent increase in cross border transaction as the new defining element of globalization. However, this has not been a new development. This process was well established in ancient history and even at the end of the nineteenth century, the percentage of cross border transaction worldwide was not considerably A quick background study of globalisation revealed that quite a lot of notable scholars believe that historically, there have been three great eras of globalisation critique have argued differently though.

Thomas .L. Friedman in his book the world is flat! Supported the thinking, that globalisation started from 1492- 1800 when Columbus set his sail to go around the world this open trade between the old world and the new world within also evident in this era is the planning by politician after the world war ll to break down borders hampering trade to increase prosperity and interdependence thereby decreasing the chances of future war.

Their work led to the Bretton Woods conference an agreement by the world leading politicians to lay down the framework of international commerce and finance, and the founding of international institutions intended to oversee the process of globalisation. They include,



Bibliography: Barfield, E.C. (1996) International Financial Market. Harmonization versus Competition AEI, Washington, D.C. Brian Anderton, (1995) current issues in financial services Macmillan, London Friedman T.(2007) The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century Friedman T.(1999)The Lexus and Olive Tree. New York. Harper Collins. Eatwell,J and Taylor. L. (2000) Global finance at risk: The case of International Regulation. Cambridge. Polity press. Eichengreen, B. (1996) Globalizing capital: History of the international monetary system. Princeton NJ: Princeton University press. Dicken P. (2003)Global Shift : reshaping the global economic map in the 21st century 4th ed, London, Cromwell press. Levitt (1983): “The Globalization of Markets,” Harvard Business Review, (May-June) 92-102 Yip (1989), “Global Strategy,” Sloan Management Review, Fall, 29-41

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    Bsb119 Study Guide

    • 598 Words
    • 3 Pages

    1 BSB119 – GLOBAL BUSINESS LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL BUSINESS Lecture Outline 1. Globalisation – nature and factors 2. Driving forces of Globalisation 3. Globalisation and limitations 4. Globalization: Prosperity or Impoverishment?…

    • 598 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Today globalization is essentially a synonym for global business. Globalization is changing the world we live in at a very increasingly rapid pace (Rodrik., 1997). Changes in technology, communication, and transportation are opening up borders and markets at increasing rates. In any large city in any country, Japanese cars ply the streets, a mobile call can be enough to buy equities from a stock exchange half a world away, local businesses could not function without U.S. computers, and foreign multinationals have taken over large segments of service industries. Impact of Globalisation, both theoretically and practically, can be observed in different economic, social, cultural, political, financial, and technological dimensions of the world. Globalisation has created a new world order and is gradually reaching new heights, incorporating all the fields to form a cohesive network. (Boyer & Drache, 1996)…

    • 3639 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Bibliography: Abdelal, R. and A. Segal 2007, ‘Has Globalization Passed Its Peak?’, Foreign Affairs, Jan-Feb, pp.103-114.…

    • 892 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    sales Clerk

    • 541 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Their work led to the Bretton Woods conference, an agreement by the world's leading politicians to lay down the framework for international commerce and finance, and the founding of several international institutions intended to oversee the processes of globalization.…

    • 541 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Nike

    • 2209 Words
    • 9 Pages

    'Globalization ' is a slogan of key ideas for business theory and practice. It is often confusing; sometime used as a way of describing the spread and connectedness of production, communication and technologies across the world; the overlapping of economic and cultural activity; rather is also used to the efforts of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and others to create a global free market for goods and services; politically and potentially, damaging for a lot of poorer nations - is really a means to exploit the larger process; in the sense of connectivity in economic and cultural life across the world, has been growing for centuries. However, many believe the current situation is of a fundamentally different order to what has gone before. The speed of communication and exchange, the complexity and size of the networks involved, and the sheer volume of trade, interaction and risk give what we now label as 'globalization ' a peculiar force.( 1) With increased economic interconnection, some argue, multinational corporations. which rose the globalization of the 'brands ' like Coca Cola, Nike and Sony. Anthony Giddens (1990: 64) has described globalization as 'the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa '. This involves a change in the way we understand geography and experience localness. As well as offering opportunity it brings with considerable risks linked, for example, to technological change. . Globalization, thus, has powerful economic, political, cultural and social dimensions.…

    • 2209 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The main concept of the article is to explain why the New International Financial Architecture (NIFA) was created and who is being benefited from this approach. The discussion begins with an examination of the power structures of the global political economy by focusing on the continued dominance of the USA. The article presents the contradictory relations between USA and global finance will be explored so as to shed more critical light on the NIFA. This article critically examines the NIFA by linking its institutional components to the larger contradictions of the capitalist inter-state system. A contradiction is the constant promotion of financial liberalization in emerging markets by US-led international financial institutions (IFIs), and the frequency of financial crises in the developing world, on the other. The article suggests that the NIFA is an attempt to stabilize and legitimate the scaffolding of the existing imperative of free capital mobility.…

    • 1391 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    Bretton Woods System

    • 2712 Words
    • 11 Pages

    In July, 1944, 730 delegates from the 44 Allied nations got together and hold an international conference (Bretton Woods conference) for three weeks in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. During this conference, Bretton Woods Agreement was signed and passed (Investopedia, 2005, para.1). The Bretton Woods Agreement is an agreement which regards U.S. dollar as a central part of international monetary system after the Second World War. It then established a capitalist world’s monetary system called Bretton Woods system. This system was a Gold Exchange Standard. It relied on U.S. dollar and gold, then treated U.S. dollar and gold as solid foundation (Investopedia, 2005, para.2).The core content of Bretton Woods Agreement is liberalization of foreign exchange, capital account liberalization and trade liberalization. Its original purpose is to rebuild the world after the World War II though a series of currency stabilization programs and infrastructure loans to war-ravaged nations (Investopedia, 2005, para.3). Bretton Woods Agreement's major outcomes comprise the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction & Development’s formation, moreover, it suggested introducing an adjustable pegged foreign exchange rate system (Wiggin, 2006, para.3).The establishment of the Bretton Woods system promotes the capitalist world's economic recovery and development after the World War II. This essay will discuss the most significant features of the Bretton Woods Agreement, in addition, it will illustrate why Bretton Woods system broke down and what has replaced it.…

    • 2712 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Best Essays

    Held, D. and McGrew A. (2000), The Global Transformations Reader: An Introduction to the Globalization Debate, Polity Press…

    • 4198 Words
    • 17 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Following the Second World War, the Bretton Woods system was implemented as a means of monetary management among independent nation states. It was based on Keynesian economics and a shared belief in capitalism. Bretton Woods, BWS, was considered a necessary response to the anarchic protectionist and neomerchantilist policies favoured in the great depression of the 30s. It was used to stop nation states using currency devaluations to increase competitiveness. Due to a lack of scale and coordination, these policies stagnated foreign direct investment and international trade volume. Bretton Woods created a fixed exchange rate system pegged to the dollar, maintained by other countries selling or buying their own currency and in turn keeping its value linked to that of the dollar. For more than a decade the system was associated with steady growth and trade. However, by the late 60s,as a result of a power shift away from the hegemony of the USA, as well as the misuse of both fiscal and monetary policy and the outflow of capital 'the system was on a trajectory headed towards collapse.'1…

    • 3224 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    * Bretton wood established the IMF or World bank. The IMF addressed Currency stabilization after WW2.…

    • 944 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Globalisation 2.0: Britain and America planned a post war economy in 1944, where institution would revive and foster world trade. The introduction of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) ensured that globalisation revived and flourished. This wave sustained power by enforcing rule of western economic orthodoxy, and saw west Germany and Japan transform into ‘sleekly prosperous and stable democracies’.…

    • 424 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Best Essays

    Goldstein, M., ‘Integrating Reform of Financial Regulation with Reform of the International Monetary System,’ Peterson Institute for International Economics, Working Paper No.11-5 (February 2011).…

    • 4146 Words
    • 17 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Bretton Woods Fail

    • 13557 Words
    • 55 Pages

    Volume Title: A Retrospective on the Bretton Woods System: Lessons for International Monetary Reform Volume Author/Editor: Michael D. Bordo and Barry Eichengreen, editors Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-06587-1 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/bord93-1 Conference Date: October 3-6, 1991 Publication Date: January 1993…

    • 13557 Words
    • 55 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    ISARD(2005) globalization and international financial system: what’s wrong and what can be done, Cambridge university press,USA…

    • 1665 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The Breton Woods institutions are named that because in 1944 at a conference in a place called Breton Woods in New Hampshire, USA. This is where the International Monetary Fund and World Bank were formed – it was due to the financial turmoil of the 1930’s in particular the Wall Street Crash in 1929, where the American Stock market (which was the largest market at the time) plummeted. It was implemented to offer financial support and rebuild its economy, most recently after the institution was formed Europe needed the most help after the Second World War - but soon it was there for the developing world. Harry Dexter White was the first to propose a ‘new economic world order based on a Bank’ , and he was convinced that ‘the US needed to reconstruct Europe, and create a stable world market in the Third World.’…

    • 2609 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays