Preview

Gender Inequality in Household Water Supply; a Case Study of Ibadan

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
6815 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Gender Inequality in Household Water Supply; a Case Study of Ibadan
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION Water is a fundamental basic need and an essential resource for economic activities with strong cultural and symbolic values for millions of people especially in developing countries. A domestic water supply is universally acknowledged as not only a basic right but a key development indicator. It is also accepted as an excellent entry point to reaching the poorest women who have the responsibility of finding domestic water supplies. Poor women disproportionately bear the burden of the unpaid chores of fetching water for domestic uses. In Ibadan city, women and girls are almost exclusively responsible for domestic chores and for maintaining hygiene in the household. Intra-household water collection from a gender perspective has remained a relatively under-researched theme in many countries. Nigeria is no exception, with the lack of research particularly evident in the many rural and peri-urban communities. Water is necessary not only for drinking, but also for food production and preparation, care of domestic animals, personal hygiene, care of the sick, cleaning, washing and waste disposal. For instance, man for the sustenance of life needs water and it is the second most important natural resources used by man after air (Walton, 1970). One third of the world’s population is currently experiencing some kind of physical or economic water scarcity (IFAD 2001a). A growing competition for water from different sectors, including industry, agriculture, power generation, domestic use, and the environment, is making it difficult for people to access this scarce resource for productive, consumptive and social uses. In water-scarce regions and countries, inequity in access to water resources is increasing because of competition for limited resources, and this particularly affects poor rural people, especially women. In many developing countries women and girls are responsible for collecting water from remote sources for use



References: A Gender Perspective on Water Resources and Sanitation, 14th – 30th April, 2004. Background Paper submitted to the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, DESA/DSD/2005/2. Alice A. & Claudine B. (2004). Women and Water: An Ethical Issue. Series on Water and Ethics, Essay 4 Asiyanbola R Benavot A. 1989. Education, gender, and eco- nomic development: a cross-national study. Sociol. Educ. 62:14-32 Bussey, K., & Bandura, A Carney J. and Watts M. (1990). Work, Gender and the Politics of Meaning in a Peasant Society Journal of the International African Institute, 60(2):207- 241 Charles C Elisha P. Renne (1993). Gender Ideology and Fertility Strategies in an Ekiti Yoruba Village. Studies in Family Planning. 24(6):343-353 Erha T Faniran A. (1983) New Approach to Water Supply in Developing Countries: Cases from the Nigerian Situation. Natural Resources Forum, 17(3):271-275 Gbadegesin N Ismail Bala Garba (2006) “Of Real Freedom and Gender Equality”: A Re-Appraisal of Zaynab Alkali’s ‘The Stillborn’. JENDA: A Journal of Culture and African Women Studies ISSN: 1530-5686 Issue 8. Jacobs J. A. (1996) Gender Inequality and Higher Education. Annual Review of Sociology, 22: 153-185 Kritz M Leanda Barrington-Leach, et al. (2007). Gender equality as a leverage for the well-being of children Investing in youth: an empowerment strategy.Bureau of European Policy Advisers (BEPA), 16-18. Lloyd P.C., Mabogunje A.L. and Awe B. (1967). The city of Ibadan. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Niara Sudarkasa, 1982. Sex Roles, Education and Development in Africa Oliyide, S. (2007) Challenges of Water Provision in Ogun State. Ogun State water corporation Digest, 1(1)3-7. Olokesusi F. (1987) Water Supply: Possible Constraints on Socio-Economic Development in Oyo State, Nigeria. Aqua 5:268-273 Osagbemi M Report of the Seminar on Gender and Water Resources Management in Africa, Pretoria, South Africa, March 9, 2005. United Nations Publication, ECA/SA/S/Gender/2005/05. Resouce Guide: Mainstraming Gender in Water Management. Version 2.1 November 2006 Van Wijk-Sijbesma (1998)

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Social Safety Net Essay

    • 474 Words
    • 2 Pages

    For women, it is important to ensure the achievement of universal access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene by ensuring open defecation-free communities. These same facilities should be provided at home, and complemented with behavior change communication on sanitation and hygiene for women caregivers. For adolescent girls, schools should have safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene with adequate hand washing infrastructure, menstrual hygiene management facilities, and separate toilets for boys and…

    • 474 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The differences between the average American’s view of water and the average African’s view of water are outstanding. Americans take advantage of the water that freely flows through our faucets everyday. African women struggle to find, gather, and carry their water to their homes. “The Illusion of Water Abundance,” “The Burden of Thirst”, and “Unquenchable” give unique insight into the way different peoples view the source that gives humans life. This synthesis paper will focus on the ethics of water and will compare the way Americans view water to how people who live in Africa view water. Specifically, it will discuss the effort it takes to obtain water versus the way water is used and appreciated by two different peoples.…

    • 998 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    In a collaborative visual and written article by Andrea K. Gerlak and Margaret Wilder who are affiliated with the UN Millennium Project they specifically talk about how certain groups suffer more than others. In most developing countries, the women and children are often victims to the diseases in the water supply quicker than men are. For assumptions sake, it could be because children have weaker and less developed immune systems and some may even argue this for women however this article brings a different perspective. Gerlak and Margaret say on page 5 and 6, “Often women and children are hit the hardest. Among children, 1.4 million die each year as a result of diarrhea, primarily targeting very young children under 5 years of age. Women and girls are responsible in many parts of the developing world for collecting water from distant water sources, and while this activity plays an important role in women’s social lives, studies have shown girls’ educational attainment is curtailed due to this responsibility.” As women and children face the responsibility of fetching the water supply for their family, they are around this contaminated water more than anyone else. Because of cultural standards within developing countries this another obstacle…

    • 1574 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    Pest Analysis of Nigeria

    • 3456 Words
    • 14 Pages

    Sule, L. (2009). Inside Nigeria billions of Naira Water Scam. Retrieved 29 July 2010, from…

    • 3456 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    References: Griffin, D. W. (1967). Urban Development in Africa: The Case of Lagos. California Geographer, 837-46. Retrieved from http://www.universityofphoenixaxia.edu…

    • 527 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Best Essays

    In its bid to address poor drinking water services and sanitation problems and meet its water-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Nigeria is currently undergoing a broad process of reform of its integrated water resources management at basin level. This shift underscores its commitment to move from water resources development to an effective water resources management (Federal Government of Nigeria, 2003).…

    • 3535 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Best Essays

    Nyakallo

    • 3910 Words
    • 16 Pages

    feminism as a weed that has infiltrated Africa; the implication being that it is nonindigenous and that it threatens to choke or overrun ‘true’ African values. Clearly, the…

    • 3910 Words
    • 16 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Good Essays

    An analysis of the “Impacts of water rationing on public health”: Case study of Makokoba, Bulawayo…

    • 837 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Akpan N.J and Ibara I.P (1996), “Energy and another development strategy for Nigeria” in the Ndebbio/ Essia’s another development strategy for Nigeria university of Calabar press, Calabar – Nigeria.…

    • 7372 Words
    • 30 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    People have traditionally settled near water sources. An adequate and depend-able source of water is needed to sustain humanity and to support future growth and development. (p80)…

    • 1661 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Gender Inequalities

    • 3038 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Our society is plagued with many inequalities, these inequalities range from education to wealth, yet I believe one of the most prominent forms of inequality today is aimed towards gender. Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or negative perceptions of individuals based on their gender. As of 2012, the World Economic Forum ranks the United States 22nd in terms of gender equality out of 135 countries. America often employs Gender stratification causing the ranking of the sexes in such a way that women are unequal in power, resources, prestige, or presumed worth. For my essay I shall explain the three most prominent forms of gender inequality: Childhood, society and professionalism. Gender inequalities have large-scale consequences for society, as long as we continue to perpetuate gender inequalities men and women will never be considered equal.…

    • 3038 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Water Issues

    • 3765 Words
    • 16 Pages

    ACCESS TO POTABLE WATER SUPPLY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF NIGEIRAN CITIES, TOWNS AND URBAN CENTRES –…

    • 3765 Words
    • 16 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Jack Hirshliefer, James C. DE Haven, Jerome W. Milliman, 1969 “Water Supply – economics, technology and policy)…

    • 1009 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Egunjobi, Layi. (1993) Issues in Environmental Management for Sustainable Development in Nigeria. The Environmentalist vol. 13 Number 1 p.33-40.…

    • 1832 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Nwaubani, C., 1991. Ogunpa River Leaves Bitter Aftertaste in Tragic Course Through Abeokuta; in: The Guardian, October 21, pp: 9…

    • 3397 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Powerful Essays

Related Topics