Preview

Gates of Fire

Satisfactory Essays
Open Document
Open Document
275 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Gates of Fire
At Thermopylae, the allied Greek nations deployed a small force of between four and seven thousand Greek heavy infantry against the invading Persian army of two million. Leading the Greeks was a force of three hundred Spartans, chosen because they were all "sires" — men who had to have sons who could preserve their blood line, should they fall in battle.

Thermopylae was the only way into Greece for the Persian army, and presented the perfect choke point — a narrow pass bordered by a sheer mountain wall on one side and a cliff drop-off to the sea on the other. This location decreased the advantage of the Persians' numerical superiority. Delaying the Persian advance here would give the Greek allies enough time to ready a larger, main force to defend against the Persians. The battle takes place simultaneously with the sea battle at Artemisium.

Though Xeones is critically wounded in the battle, the Persian King Xerxes orders his surgeons to make every effort to keep the captive squire alive. The book is Xeones' narration of the battle and events leading up to it to Xerxes and his royal scribe as the Persian army advances toward Athens. Much of the narrative explores Spartan society, particularly the agoge, which is the military training program which all Spartan boys must complete to become citizens or Peers. The novel also details the heroics of several dozen Spartans, including their king, Leonidas, the Olympic champion Polynikes, a young Spartan warrior named Alexandros, and the Spartan officer Dienekes. Pressfield employs detailed descriptions of the Spartan phalanx in battle, as well as the superior training and discipline of the Spartan

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    He was the Spartan king responsible for defending the pass at Thermopylae during the second Persian invasion.…

    • 1565 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Battle of thermopylae was an important battle for both the persian and greek army, the leader of the persian fleet was Xerxes whose army was far more larger than King Leonidas, leader of the Greek army, but Leonidas was a far more tactical and smarter war general than Xerxes.…

    • 597 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Because of the recent movie, 300, most people are aware of the epic battle that occurred at Thermopylai were 300 odd Spartans supposedly held off an army of over one million led by Xerxes I. Now, there were many errors in the movie (the number of men on both sides being the chiefest of them). But it still leaves many people asking how a force so drastically outnumbered was able to hold a force nearly twenty times their number. The answer lies in the difference in their equipment, tactics and their training.…

    • 550 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Another misconception also is the Spartan force of 300 elite hoplite soldiers fought on their own against the 100,000-150,000 or so Persian troops. This is of course false as they had a Greek force of about 4,000 with them the first two days and a force of approximately 700 Thespians and 400 Thebans who had chosen to stay on the final day, despite Leonidas' orders for the Greek forces to retreat to evade certain death. This misconception again, is to glorify the Spartans and their efforts at Thermopylae. Their three day standoff still being an amazing feat of military prowess and elite soldier mentality, one cannot deny them this. Over all, there were 300 Spartan casualties (including Leonidas, the Spartan king), and most of the Thebans and Thespians that didn't surrender as the Persians lost close to over 20,000 men, including the death of all 10,000 of their Immortals (deemed 'Immortals' due to the swift replacement of an injured/killed Immortal, keeping their unit of 10,000 at a constant number so it would seem their force and cohesion was never changing, constantly powerful and constantly geared for war; hence immortal).…

    • 1566 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Greeks had chosen to defend a narrow pass, or gap, between the mountains of central Greece and the sea, called Thermopylae. This pass was part of the route into Greece from the north. King Leonidas of Sparta rounded up 300 of Sparta’s most elite soldiers with the help of 7000 Greek soldiers from other states marched for an attempt to block the only road by which the massive Persian army could pass, while the small army knew they would face a large army which would end up to be over 100,000 Persians.…

    • 423 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    While strongest at the front, the phalanx's main weakness was on the right flank and to the rear. Once engaged in battle the heavy armor and close quarters did not allow the phalanx to easily address attacks from either of those directions. Although the battle of Thermopylae was a decisive Persian victory, the employment of the phalanx formation proved to be a useful and superior strategy there as roughly fourteen hundred Hoplite led by King Leonidas and three hundred Spartans held their ground for a week (three spent fighting) halting Persian advancement and causing numerous casualties. Were it not for a traitor exposing a path to the rear of the Greek positionallowing the Persian forces to surround the Greek position, there's no way of knowing how long this small force could have fought or whether or not they could have been victorious.…

    • 762 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Greek offensive, although contributed to Miltiades as a brilliant strategic decision, is an important historiographical issue for modern historians. Herodotus tells us that opinion among the Athenian commanders was divided with some opposed to attacking with their heavily outnumbered force. Others, especially Miltiades supported an offensive strategy. Miltiades is credited with persuading the war archon Callimachus through a stirring speech to cast his deciding vote in favour of an offensive strategy. Herodotus in his narrative has Miltiades say ‘If we refuse to fight, I have little doubt that the result will be bitter”. However it has also been suggested that the Greek offensive was based on the apparent absence of the Persian cavalry which Herodotus fails to mention. This is puzzling as most modern historians acknowledge that a Persian cavalry force had already disembarked from the fleet onto land and Herodotus said the Persians chose Marathon because it was “the best ground for cavalry to manoeuvre in.”. It has also been assumed that Miltiades deployed the Greek phalanx with strong wings and a weak centre, a strategy that secured…

    • 1132 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Persians outnumbered the Greeks, so Leonidas positioned his troops in the Thermopylae pass. Because the pass was quite narrow, the Persians, who were used to rampant fighting on open fields, could not use all of their troops at once; therefore, it was easy for the Greek hoplites to wipe them out. This battle is not the best example of terrain manipulation because the Greeks lost on the third day. It was wise to hold the Persians at a natural chokepoint, but the Greeks ultimately were trapped when Ephialtes showed Xerxes a goat pass, leading to the Greeks’ backs. The Thermopylae pass was effective for a while, but caused the defeat of Leonidas’ troops; the Greeks used the Artemisium strait in a similar way to fight the…

    • 491 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Thermopylae Dbq Analysis

    • 545 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The Spartans did not sacrifice themselves to save Western Civilization at Thermopylae because they did not choose to stay behind and fight, they were simply ambushed and defeated in battle. According to Document B, the author Ctesias writes that “Thus, using the two Greeks as their guides, a Persian army of 40,000 men came through and snuck up behind the Spartans. Thus were the Spartans surprised, surrounded, and unable to retreat.” This quote is saying that the Spartans were ambushed and surrounded, thus making it impossible for them to retreat. If you’re unable to retreat, that means you have no other choice but to fight. So it wasn’t that the Spartans chose to sacrifice themselves, it was that there was no other route for them to take. While…

    • 545 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    How Did Sparta Decline

    • 872 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Sparta simply believed that the Lycurgus system did not need to be altered. Furthermore, they were against Spartans having too much wealth or personal power. As a result, the Lycurgus system's rigidity produced a closed society plagued by the effects of inbreeding. Some historians agree that "the Spartan hegemony 'perished through 'oliganthropia'' - a lack of men. This is not because of a population decrease in Laconia but just a lack of men of the Spartan citizen class who could serve as hoplites, called 'homoioi' or 'Spartiates.'" The number of men that Sparta could call upon to send into battle diminished appreciably during the 5th and early 4th centuries B.C. This was not solely due to reduced numbers of men but also partly because they were reluctant to leave Laconia unguarded and tended to send fewer men to battle than they could have. In the 5th century battle at Thermopylae against the Persians, only 300 Spartans and 1,000 allies held off the massive invasion of Persia's King Xerxes that is estimated to number over 120,000 men. According to Herodotus, however, there were probably 8,000 Spartiates available to be deployed (Scipio,…

    • 872 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Battle of Thermopylae of 480 BC, an alliance of Greek city-states fought the invading Persian Empire at the pass of Thermopylae in central Greece. Vastly outnumbered, the Greeks held back the Persians for three days in one of history's most famous last stands. A small force led by King Leonidas of Sparta blocked the only road through which the massive army of Xerxes I could pass. After three days of battle, a local resident named Ephialtes betrayed the Greeks by revealing a mountain path that led behind the Greek lines. Dismissing the rest of the army, King Leonidas stayed behind with 300 Spartans and 700 Thespian volunteers (Number vary). The Persians succeeded in taking the pass but sustained heavy losses, extremely disproportionate to…

    • 716 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Sparta was an important part of Greece during the Archaic and Classical periods. Sparta was famous for the sheer power and strength of its military. Spartan hoplites (high-ranking soldiers) were professionally trained and sported distinctive red cloaks, long hair, and the lambda-emblazoned shields. Spartan warriors were among the most feared fighters in all of Greece. They fought with distinction at battles such as Thermopylae and Plataea in the early 5th century BCE. In Greek mythology, the founder of Sparta was Lacedaemon, a supposed “son of Zeus.”…

    • 1609 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Gates of Fire

    • 280 Words
    • 1 Page

    This story is told as a narration by a dying Xeones to the Persian king Xerxes. The loan surviving greek is kept alive after sustaining battle wounds by a surgeon to tell his account of the battle of Thermopylae and the events before it. His narration jumps back and forth between time to explain certain events. Xeones and his cousin, Diomache, are orphaned at a young age and hide in the hills with a slave. Diomache is taken as a maid after being gang raped as punishment for stealing and Xeones continues to Sparta where he becomes a battle squire under Dienekes. He explains in horrid detail the gruesome training of the Spartan children to become citizens or 'peers'. Xeones takes the married life and has a child. Persia threatens to invade Sparta and, under the leadership of King Leonitas, the Spartans go to fight the incomming forces. Defending the main passage of a narrow path through the mountains, the Spartans, accompanied by only a few thousand greeks, face the better part of 2 million Persian troops. As the first day of battle draws to an end, many Persians lie dead, yet only a few Spartans lay in their wake. Xerxes learns of a path leading behind the Spartans and sends a force to entrap them. After 7 days of gruesome battle, the Xerxes and his troups finally overpower the troups, and Leonitas is beheaded. After his story is finished, Xeones passes due to his wounds. The scribe writing his story accounts for the rest of the war after his passing including the Persians losing the war to the Greek army.…

    • 280 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Despite their huge differences, both Sparta and Athens united to fight the Persians together. In the book The Portable Greek Historians by M. I. Finley, Herodotus records, “The Greeks who at this spott awaited the coming of Xerxes were the following: from Sparta, three hundred men-at-arms; from Arcadia, a thousand Tegeans and Mantineans, five hundred of people; a hundred and twenty Orchomenians, from the Arcadian Orchomenus’ and a thousand from other cities,” (Herodotus, The Persian Wars 7.202)....Herodotus continues, “The sea was in good keeping, watched by the Athenians, the Aeginetans, and the rest of the fleet,” (Herodotus, The Persian Wars 7.203). In addition, Herodotus says, “The various nations had each captains of their own under whom they served; but the one to whom all especially looked up, and who had the command of the entire force, was the Lacedaemonian, Leonidas,” (Herodotus, The Persian Wars 7.204). Based off Herodotus’ statements, all the Greeks were waiting upon Xerxes’ arrival. They included Sparta, the strongest military, Arcadia, Tegeans, Mantineans, and more. Also, the Athenians, who had the strongest navy were also accompanied by other Greeks while awaiting the arrival of the Persian navy. These records by Herodotus show the concept of Greek unity or panhellenism as Greeks from all different poleis come together to fight the stronger Persian army who were considered barbarians or outsiders. The Persians were coming to conquer Athen but all other Greek poleis refused to let Athens battle alone. Even having significant differences the Greeks appointed Spartan king Leonidas as head of command. They recognized that Sparta had the best army at the time and Leonidas was the best choice for command. Athenians and Spartans have very significant differences but in this battle they united…

    • 836 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Ring of Fire

    • 450 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. In a 40,000 km (25,000 mi) horseshoe shape, it is associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs, andvolcanic belts and/or plate movements. The Ring of Fire has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes.[1] It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt or the circum-Pacific seismic belt.…

    • 450 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays

Related Topics