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Exam 4 Study Guide BSC2010 2

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Exam 4 Study Guide BSC2010 2
1. Name the 5 steps of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Then briefly explain what is happening at each step.
G1- PRIMARY GROWTH PHASE
S- REPLICATES THE GENOME
G2- MICROTUBULES ORGANIZE AND FORM SPINDLES
M-ESSENTIAL STEP IN THE SEPARATION OF THE 2 DAUGHTER GENOMES (PROPHASE,METAPHASE,ANAPHASE,TELOPHASE,CYTOKINESIS)
C-SEPARATION OF 2 NEW CELLS
2. Briefly describe chromosome structure (including the nucleosome) and then state the important functions of histone proteins (2 functions).
CHROMATIN STRUCTURE IS SIMPLE (DNA & PROTEIN), CHROMOSOMES WRAPPED AROUND HISTOMES 1.STRUCTURAL SUPPORT 2.MODIFIED GENE EXPRESSION.
3. Name the 5 steps of mitosis and briefly explain what is happening at each step.
PROPHASE:CHROMOSOMES CONDENCE AND BECOME VISIBLE.
METAPHASE:ALL CHROMOSOMES ARE ALIGNED AT MIDDLE OF THE CELL,CALLED METAPHASE PLATE.
ANAPHASE:CHROMOSOMES PULL APART
TELOPHASE:CELL START TO SPLIT IN 2
CYTOKINESIS:SEPARATION OF 2 NEW CELLS
4. Describe the two events that occur during meiosis 1 that increase genetic diversity in gametes. Also, state why these events are so important to life on Earth.
(PROPHASE 1)CROSSING OVER: -INCREASES GENETIC DIVERSITY OF GAMETES.-EXCHANGE CHROMOSOMAL MATERIAL.-TAKES PLACE IN THE CHIASMATA
(METAPHASE 1)INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT: CHROMOSOMES LINE UP RANDOMLY
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