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Eutanasia

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Eutanasia
Ensayo

¿Qué rol debe jugar el derecho en la regulación de la eutanasia?

INTRODUCCIÓN

La eutanasia es el hecho de dejar morir o ayudar a morir a otra persona que padece de alguna enfermedad la cual le causa sufrimiento. Es un acto piadoso hacia un paciente a quien sus condiciones de vida son indignas y no mejorará su calidad.
Este tema ha sido causa de grandes debates, ya que no sólo toca al ámbito ético y moral, sino que también a su legislación.
Por otro lado, está la complejidad que lleva en cada caso. Ya que no es lo mismo un paciente que tiene alguna enfermedad terminal y que sufre de agonizantes dolores, a una persona que se encuentra en estado vegetativo debido a un accidente, y que su vida depende de estar conectado a máquinas, como respiradores artificiales, sondas para la alimentación, etcétera.
Hay que distinguir entre eutanasia activa y pasiva. La primera, es la intervención directa de un tercero para causar la muerte de la persona, ya sea por la dosificación de alguna droga. Y la segunda, corresponde a la supresión de los artefactos o medicamentos o negar el tratamiento que alargan la vida del paciente. La eutanasia también puede ser voluntaria, cuando es con consentimiento de la persona. No voluntaria, si es que el paciente es incompetente, y por último involuntaria que es cuando se impone contra la voluntad, transgrediendo sus propios deseos, pero no sus intereses.

El derecho entonces, como orden normativo de la conducta humana, y basada en el concepto de justicia, debería jugar un rol primordial para la regularización de la eutanasia, cuando el paciente que sufre agonía física y/o psíquica lo solicite, sin castigar al tercero que lleva a cabo la acción.

DESARROLLO

La Constitución Política chilena de 1980 dice en el Capítulo III: DE LOS DERECHOS Y DEBERES CONSTITUCIONALES, Artículo 19: La Constitución asegura a todas las personas:
1º.- El derecho a la vida y a la integridad física y psíquica de la persona.

El derecho a la

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