Age Phase
0-1yr Trust vs. Mistrust
2-3 Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3-5 Initiative vs. Guilt
6-11 Industry vs. Inferiority
12-18 Identity vs. Role Confusion
19-40 Intimacy vs. Isolation
41-64 Generativity vs. Stagnation
65 older Ego Integrity vs. Despair
The first phase is critical as it occurs during infancy, a time of total dependence for the baby. The babe must have a stable a nurturing environment to live and gain a foundation for trust in others. There is a popular comic strip entitled Baby Blues written from the perspective of a baby (from birth to 5 yrs thus far) and her parents. Through humorous, satirical anecdotes and sketches we are able to sympathize with the baby trapped in the world of the overworked, underpaid parent who doesn't speak the same language.
The second stage lovingly referred to by most as the terrible two's' is another critical turning point in psychosocial behavior. This is the age the pull-up commercials were made for right? Right. At this age the name of the game is "I can do it" even though everybody knows otherwise. There really is nothing terrible about this phase except for the parent who does not allow the child enough independence to develop the confidence essential for positive self image.
With the home front conquered the next phase introduces the child to the preschool arena where the confident child quickly sets about to determine her/his place in the outside world. Remember Kindergarten Cop? Of course you do, the one with Arnold anyway the kids in that class were apart of their hierarchy. Even at this age there is a popular kid amongst the group.
Elementary aged children are tested daily on their gradual learning abilities and memory. Those receiving support from teacher and parents are more likely to feel successful and perhaps become successful when compared to children who receive little or no praise, or encouragement from adults.
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