Preview

Envi Assignment Hahaha

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
968 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Envi Assignment Hahaha
Karen Mae L. Fernan February 01, 2013
BS Chemistry 3
Homework 6A

1. Assume that diesel fuel is C14H30 and that gasoline is octane.
a. Calculate the amount of energy (heat) – in kcal - each releases per gram when combusted.
b. Compare each as fuel for trucks.
c. Why do so many large trucks have diesel engines?

Gasoline: C8H18
C8H18 (l) + 252O2 (g) 8CO2 (g) + 9H2O (g)
Standard Bond energies: H-C | 99 kcal/mol | C-C | 83 kcal/mol | O=O | 119 kcal/mol | C=O | 192 kcal/mol | H-O | 111 kcal/mol |
Heat= [16(192)+18(111)] – [50(119)+18(99)+14(83)] = 5,070 kcal/mol – 8,894 kcal/mol = -3,824 kcal/mol = -33.47 kcal/g C8H18

Diesel: C14H30
C14H30 (l) + 432O2 (g) 14CO2 (g) + 15H2O (g)
Heat= [28(192)+30(111)] – [43(119)+14(99)+26(83)] = 8,706 kcal/mol – 8,661 kcal/mol = 45 kcal/mol = 0.3938 kcal/g C14H30

Diesel and gasoline are two main sources of energy for today’s cars. Both are from the same source, crude oil but are refined differently. These sources also have different chemical properties and each are burned in different ways. Diesel is easier to refine than gasoline, contains more energy than gasoline and the vehicle’s engine combustion process is more efficient. Diesel is denser and contain’s 11% more energy. It is more efficient in converting mechanical work because it operates at higher compression ratios and temperatures. Large trucks and agricultural vehicles have diesel engines to take advantage of this higher efficiency.
Vehicles that use gasoline have to use spark plugs in order to ignite the fuel, which is due to the fact that gasoline engines have low compression ratio. The gasoline and air are combined and forced into the cylinder and compressed. The soark plug fires causing the mixture to ignite and explode, forcing the piston up and gives the car power. Diesel engines have much higher compressio ratios and does not anymore utilize spark



References: * Standard Bond Enthalpies. http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/OrgPage/bndenrgy.htm (Date accessed: January 31, 2013) * WHAT ARE THE MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIESEL AND PETROL? http://www.acea.be/news/news_detail/what_are_the_main_differences_between_diesel_and_petrol/ (Date accessed: January 31, 2013) * The Encyclopedia of Earth. Comparing Diesel to Gasoline. http://www.eoearth.org/article/Comparing_Diesel_to_Gasoline?topic=54483 (Date accessed: January 31, 2013) * How Nuclear Power Works. http://science.howstuffworks.com/nuclear-power5.htm (Date accessed: January 31, 2013) * Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform. Nuclear Energy Factsheets. What is nuclear fission? http://www.snetp.eu/www/snetp/images/stories/Docs-Factsheet/factsheet_1.pdf (Date accessed: January 31, 2013)

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    a) For each fuel, determine the energy content per gram (kJ/g) and record this value in the table below.(2 marks)…

    • 700 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Self-propelled vehicles have been around 1672 but were not introduced to mainstream America until 1902. Older vehicles were powered by steam engines which gave way to the internal combustion engines that are powered by either gasoline or diesel fuel. Diesel fuel and gasoline both cause air pollution and also play a role in global warming. The ever increasing cost of oil along with the restrictions on greenhouse gases and environmental laws is now pressing the world to create safe alternatives to gasoline and diesel fuel.…

    • 2090 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Lotus Rental Csr

    • 605 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The idea behind the Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) was intended to reduce emissions (generated by burning fossil fuels) that are polluting our air and depleting the ozone. AFV’s also help reduce our dependence on foreign oil (mostly from a highly unstable region of the world). Prior to a decision being made whether or not to alternative fuel vehicles to the fleet of Lotus Rental Cars, we most determine if alternative fuel vehicles are actually a feasible choice. To do this we must first have an understanding of alternative fuel vehicles. Through our research, we have discovered that there are a growing number of alternative fuel vehicles on the road today. Alternative fuel vehicles are defined as any vehicle that can operate on a fuel or power source other than diesel or gasoline. These vehicles come in many different forms, from small commuter cars to larger commercial vehicles. The use of these alternative fuel sources greatly reduces out countries dependency on foreign oil and reduces air pollution caused by CO2 emissions (Gable & Gable, 2009).…

    • 605 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The combustion in diesel engines does not work with spark like gas engines do. Unlike gas engine diesel engines take only air through the intake valve during the first stroke, during the second stroke the intake valves are closed and air is compressed as the air is highly compressed on the cylinder the temperature of the air rises and almost reaches one thousand three hundred degrees Fahrenheit, in the third stroke the diesel fuel is injected directly onto the cylinder, the fuel instantly ignites because of the high temperature of the air in the cylinder wall then the explosion pushes the piston down and the fourth stroke opens the exhaust…

    • 471 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    6.03 Calorimtery Honors

    • 890 Words
    • 4 Pages

    1. Measure out approximately 200 mL of distilled water and pour it into the calorimeter. Stir carefully with a thermometer until a constant temperature is reached. Record the volume of water and the constant initial temperature of the water on your data table.…

    • 890 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Thermodynamics Lab

    • 895 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.…

    • 895 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Pentane Combustion Lab

    • 667 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The aim of this experiment is to determine which fuel, out of Pentane, Propane-1-ol and Propane-2-ol would be the most appropriate to take on a camping trip to a national park where wood cannot be used to burn. Factors that need to be considered are:…

    • 667 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Molar Heat of Combustion of a substance is the heat liberated when 1 mole of the substance undergoes complete combustion with oxygen at standard atmospheric pressure, with the final products being carbon dioxide gas and liquid water. (Ref. “Conquering Chemistry, Roland Smith, 2005”)…

    • 2051 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Calorie Calculations

    • 279 Words
    • 2 Pages

    1. A serving of two cookies has 150 kcal and 12 grams of fat. What percentage of total…

    • 279 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Diesel vs Gas

    • 651 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The way the gas and diesel engines start are a major difference in the two. Gas engines use spark plugs to ignite the fuel. Diesels do not have spark plugs, they use compression. A gasoline engine intakes a mixture of gas and air, compresses it and ignites the mixture with a spark from the spark plug. A diesel engine takes in just air, compresses it, and then injects fuel into the compressed air. The heat of the compressed air lights the fuel. Both modern engines use Electronic Fuel Injection to inject fuel into the cylinders.…

    • 651 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Chapter 6 Railroads Quiz

    • 263 Words
    • 2 Pages

    A diesel engine drives a generator/alternator which in turn drives electric traction motors that turn the wheels.…

    • 263 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Diesel mechanics have a large effect on most everything that people do. Diesel technology is very similar to gasoline engine systems, yet diesel is not quite as popular. These mechanics repair the engines in many vehicles and machines that help keep people’s lives comfortable and get the products that desire to the places that they shop. Most people do not even know what diesel mechanics do; some duties and training are similar to gasoline engine mechanics, but some differences apply in training and technique. Their working conditions vary depending on their place of employment, but the future of diesel mechanics is bright. Diesel mechanics train extensively to efficiently and thoroughly repair the complex systems in various types of diesel…

    • 120 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    Lai, Leslie, and Kristen Morrison. "Nuclear Energy Fact Sheet." Wagingpeace.org. Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, n.d. Web. 2 Sept. 2013.…

    • 1380 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Petroleum is the most commonly source of fuel, even with the other sources such as electricity, liquefied petroleum gas, hydrogen, and solar powered cars There are wide ranges of automobiles used around the world. Mostly all automobiles are powered by petroleum. With increasing concerns about pollution and other toxins in the atmosphere, the industry is forced to look into alternate forms of fuel. In the past scientists have been looking into solar and electrically powered vehicles to aid in the reduction of pollutants. Boron has recently been introduced as another feasible alternative fuel. This alternative to gasoline is extremely combustible, and when burned there are no emissions or harmful pollutants.. People prefer petroleum, mainly because they worry how they are going to refuel their car.…

    • 698 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    duet paper work

    • 4776 Words
    • 18 Pages

    choice & the last but not the least feasibility. In this research work assesses by using LPG/diesel duel fuel that can be…

    • 4776 Words
    • 18 Pages
    Powerful Essays