Preview

Enhancing the Culture of Reading in Rwanda: Reflections by Students in Tertiary Institutions

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
7562 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Enhancing the Culture of Reading in Rwanda: Reflections by Students in Tertiary Institutions
Enhancing the Culture of Reading in
Rwanda: Reflections by Students in
Tertiary Institutions by Pierre Canisius Ruterana
PhD student, Linkoping University, Sweden; Lecturer, National University of Rwanda ruterana@yahoo.fr; pruterana@nur.ac.rw

Abstract
Following a growing concern about the lack of a reading culture among Rwandans in general and university students in particular, this study investigates students’ reflections on their previous reading experiences and discusses ways to develop literacy and a reading culture in
Rwanda. It is widely known that the cultivation of a reading culture among the youth in tertiary institutions not only boosts their academic excellence, but it also contributes to their country’s growth prospects. This study based on students from one university answers the following research question: What do students claim are the reasons for a poor reading culture in Rwanda?
The data was collected via an open questionnaire. Major findings indicate that the lack of a reading culture is attributed to the colonial and post-colonial education system, reliance on verbal communication, limited access to reading materials, and ultimately the mother tongue status of
Kinyarwanda, within the sociolinguistic configuration of Rwanda.

Keywords: Reading culture; oral tradition; language of instruction; adult literacy; functional literacy. 36
The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.5, no.1, March 2012

Introduction
“If you want to hide something to Rwandans, you will only put it in a book. But if you want something to be known, just whisper it to one person”, an adage in Rwanda goes.
Voices from various media, academic and political authorities in Rwanda unanimously speak out about the lack of a reading culture among Rwandans in general, and students in tertiary education in particular, which impacts not only on the educational standards, but also the entire nation’s welfare. Yet the possession of this culture is a sine



References: Ambatchew, M. D., 2011. International communities building places for youth reading. In Shelby A Andersson, I., 1997. Bilingual and monolingual children’s narration: Discourse strategies and narrative styles Bakka, P., 2000. Back to books: Functional literacy. In K. Parry (Ed.), Language and literacy in Uganda: Towards a sustainable reading culture (p Baleeta, M., 2005. Barriers to reading: Cultural background and the interpretation of literary texts Brock-Utne, B., 2001. Education for all—in whose language? Oxford Review of Education, 27(1), 115-33. Brock-Utne, B., Zubeida D. & Qorro, M. (Eds.), 2004. Researching the language of instruction in Tanzania and South Africa Bryman, A., 2008. Social Research Methods (3rd Ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press. Castell (de), S., Luke, A., Egan, K. (1986). Literacy, society and schooling: A reader. Chica, J. A. I., 2009. An assessment of reading culture among students in Nigerian tertiary institutions: A challenge to educational managers Commeyras, M. & Mazile, M. B., 2011. Exploring the culture of reading among primary school teachers in Botswana Dike, V. W., 1995. Literacy without libraries: Promoting literacy among school children in Nigeria Conference of the International Association of School Librarianship, Pittsburgh: Pennsylvania: July 17th – 22nd, 1994, p Erny, P., 1978. Bilan de l’enseignement colonial au Rwanda [Review of colonial education in Rwanda] Erny, P., 2002. L 'école coloniale au Rwanda (1900-1962). [The colonial school in Rwanda (1900-1962) Freire, P., 1978. Pedagogy of the oppressed. Hardmodsworth: Penguin Pooks. Freire, P., 1994. Pedagogy of hope: Reliving pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum. Freire, P. & Macedo D., 1987. Literacy: reading the word & the world. Westport, Connecticut: Bergin & Garvey. Izizinga, R., 2000. The teaching of reading in Uganda. In K. Parry (Ed.), Language and literacy in Uganda: towards a sustainable reading culture (p Kachala, F.F.C., 2007. Developing a reading culture among the rural masses of Mwambo, Zomba District, Malawi: a concept for the 21st century and beyond Kagame, A., 1978. Les grands tournants de l’histoire de la culture rwandaise. [Milestones of history of the Rwandan culture] Kelechi, E., 2010. Poor reading culture stunts national growth. Accessed February 9, 2010 from http://www.businessdayonline.com Kwikiriza, L., 2000. How can reading and writing be built on oral traditions and practices? In K. Magara, E. & Batambuze, C., 2005. Towards a reading culture for Uganda. African Journal of Library, Archive and Information Science, 15 (1), 35-42. Martello, J., 2002. Many roads through many modes: Becoming literate in early childhood in L. Ministry of Finance, 2007. The economic development and poverty reduction strategy (EDPRS). Mugisha, S. I., 2010. Assessment and study strategies: A study among Rwandan students in higher education Nolan-Woods, E. & Foll, D., 1986. Penguin advanced reading skills. Middlesex: Penguin books. Office of the Prime Minister, 2010. Ministerial instructions n°002/2010 of 09/12/2010 regulating adult literacy education in Rwanda Parry, K. (Ed.), 2000. Language and literacy in Uganda: towards a sustainable reading culture. Parry, K., 2005. Cultural differences in reading: reading processes and the development of a reading culture Rosenberg, D. (Ed.), 2003. Reader development and reading promotion: recent experiences from seven countries in Africa Rosendal, T., 2010. Linguistic Landshapes: A comparison of official and non-official language management in Rwanda and Uganda, focusing on the position of African languages Sabiiti, S., 2009. Rwanda celebrates the International Children’s Book Day. The New Times. Accessed June 28, 2009 from http://www.newtimes.co.rw Sarjant, R., 2005 Conference and Council. Oslo, August14-18, 2005. Serpell, R., 1993. The significance of schooling: life- journeys in an African society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Serpell, R., 2001. Cultural dimensions of literacy promotion and schooling. In L.Verhoeven & C. Snow (Eds.), Literacy and motivation: reading engagement in individuals and groups (p. 24373). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Spreadbury, J., 2002. Building on home and community experiences in early childhood education Street, B. V., (2011). Literacy inequalities in theory and practice: The power to name and define. Teale, W. H., 1986. Home background and young children’s literacy development. In W. H.

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    So reading is important, that is a well-established fact. But the different views lead to really distinctive differences in the practises in schools. Authors generally think that enjoyment should be the prime factor in the youths reading activities. School workers often try to use as much of the academic friendly method as possible, since they see it more fit for the school system, and it doesn’t take as much time. The possibility to join the two methods exist, but that is a whole other case. Ultimately, enjoyment seems like the most essential factor to reading. It worked at least…

    • 872 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Literacy is not only represented by the texts in the environment, how those texts came to be, who is using them, and how they are being used, but is also represented by the feelings, beliefs, and attitudes about those texts by the members of that community (Barton, 1994). Included in these unobservable aspects of literacy practices are the mental construction, sense-making, purpose-setting, and valuing that goes on inside the head that is also defining of literacy practices. Namely, the ways in which people think about literacy, their awareness of it, their constructions of it, how they talk about it, and how they make sense of it are all indicative of the literacy practices of a society. The conceptions people hold about the reading and writing process as they are engaged in literacy events is just as important as the event itself (Barton,…

    • 2148 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    de l 'homme, Leave none to tell the story : genocide in Rwanda, Human Rights Watch ;…

    • 2337 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Assignment 1 Details 1

    • 780 Words
    • 6 Pages

    The teaching of literacy in the 21st Century is a complex undertaking for primary teachers.…

    • 780 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    Literacies in Context

    • 1512 Words
    • 7 Pages

    EDEE 400 – Assignment 1 Literacy in schools today not only involves teaching students to read and write, but is also heavily focused on giving students the necessary vocabulary and skills to understand different text types according to the key learning areas (KLAs) they are undertaking. While traditional ideas of literacy often ignored the diverse needs of students, contemporary notions of literacy are constantly evolving in response to changes in situational and social or cultural contexts (UNE, 2012a, p.5; Freebody, 2007, p8-­‐10). This now means that in order for teachers to be successful educators they must have a comprehensive understanding of the literacy demands across the subjects they teach as well as being able to explicitly introduce students into the discourse of each teaching area (Cornish & Gardner, 2009, p.245-­‐246; Derewianka & Jones, 2012, p.3; Freebody, 2007, p.9).…

    • 1512 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    educational issue paper

    • 365 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The topic aligns with the MA-ED: CIR program essential question and is related to literacy;…

    • 365 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    [i] Des Forges, Alison. “Leave No One to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda. Human Rights”. 17 January 2007 Watch. http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda. 1 Apr. 2011…

    • 2249 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Top Down Critique

    • 2116 Words
    • 9 Pages

    The ability to read is thought to be fundamentally important for functionality in our modern world. Nations measure the success of educational institutions by the ability to produce highly literate citizens and funding for many educational institutions in the United States and elsewhere hinges on the literacy attainment of student populations. The international demand for reading success has over the years resulted in periodic shifts in reading instruction with fervent emphasis at one point on the Top Down model of reading with an equally fervent shift to the Bottom Up model of reading instruction. Historically,…

    • 2116 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Tribal Deception

    • 1052 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Cited: Post, James E.,Lawrence, Anne T., and Weber, James. Contemporary Business Issues with Reading. The McGraw-Hill, 1999. Reading number 1, Mayberry-Lewis, David. Tribal Wisdom…

    • 1052 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Author makes a good point that a student must do the learning when a teacher is helping them understand a material.I believe that together the student and teacher must put the effort to help each other. When a student doesn't understand a material a teacher should always help the student regardless if the teacher has explained it thousands of times before.A student when they are reaching out for help they should always make the effort to learn something even if they believe it is impossible for them to learn it.When you study what you've learn you have a higher chance of retaining the information in vs when you do not study or even pay attention to the lesson .…

    • 543 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Literacy in the Classroom

    • 1263 Words
    • 6 Pages

    An estimated twenty-two million people each year are added to the adult illiterate population in the United States (The Talking Page, 2007). To define the term “literacy” on its own results in an extremely vague and ambiguous meaning. Literacy often used metaphorically to designate basic competencies and many times the definition becomes misinterpreted. When the term is focused toward educational and classroom settings the definition becomes somewhat easier to interpret. Many individuals define “educational literacy” simply as possessing the ability to read and write, when in fact, “educational literacy” encompasses a much more complex meaning and contains many elements and traits. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) defines literacy as the, “Ability to identify, understand, interpret, create and compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts.” The UNESCO firmly believes that literacy is an important part of a person’s ability to develop knowledge and potential, allowing him or her to reach goals, and participate fully in his or her community and other parts of society (United Nations Educational, 2004).…

    • 1263 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Ingelaere, B. (2010). Peasants, power and ethnicity: A bottom-up perspective on Rwanda’s political transition. African Affairs, 109(435), 273-292.…

    • 1462 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Book Festival Fundraiser

    • 1817 Words
    • 8 Pages

    The purpose for this fundraiser is to raise awareness about adult illiteracy. The book festival fundraiser will target the adults who struggle academically and in the workforce because of illiteracy. Reading is a fundamental skill necessary to succeed in the world today. According to Boyer (1994) “Children are our most precious resource. Their well-being is bound to the well-being of us all. To neglect anything that will improve their chances in school and life is simply foolhardy, since to invest in children is to invest in the future of the nation.” Reading will develop these children into well-spoken, well-rounded, and intellectual adults.…

    • 1817 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    A lot of people have murmured statements to me along the lines of, “Rwanda does not have a reading culture. It is an oral culture. You really have to find a way to get kids to read.” This is perhaps said because it is difficult to find a book store in Rwanda and, at times, difficult to get the kids in the village to read whole English books, cover to cover. I always reply, “we just have to find the best, junkiest, risqué/action-packed/girly/exciting/y’know books out there so the kids feel like reading is as fun as watching television.” And then I get the same, “yes, but remember that there is no culture of reading.”…

    • 363 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Noise in Communication

    • 11034 Words
    • 45 Pages

    References: Carron, J. 1990. "The Functioning and Effects of the Kenyan Literacy Program." African Studies Review. 33:3 97-120…

    • 11034 Words
    • 45 Pages
    Powerful Essays

Related Topics