The northern and southern economy struggled under the embargo far before England or France felt its effects. New England's once bustling harbors were now empty. The soup kitchens were the only places thriving; they had lots of business feeding the unemployed. The excess of unexportable cotton, grain, and tobacco overwhelmed the South and West. Their economy was struggling no less then that of New England. As a direct result of the Embargo Act a massive illegal trade began.
Jefferson unwittingly did a great deal for American manufacturing. With the docks tied up New England began to open up new factories and reopen old ones. New England eventually prospered from the ugly Embargo Act, but southern economy only perished.
England closed French ports to foreign shipping unless they first passed through English ports. Napoleon therefore retaliated by seizing all foreign ships that entered English ports. There was no way to trade with one nation without facing the other's wrath. Besides seizing merchant ships the British were also doing impressments.
Impressments were the forcible enlistment of sailors. From 1808 to 1811 six thousand United States citizens were impressed. Scores of them either died or were killed under the King's service. Friends and families of the lost souls were left embittered and in mourning. The impressments angered Americans the most because it attached their pride.
Congress got rid of the embargo altogether and replaced it with Macon's Bill No. 2. This bill said that if either France or England removed its commercial restrictions, that America would restore the embargo with the other nation. Britain so no need to remove the trade restrictions seeing as they rule the seas. Britain would keep the restrictions and thus continue with impressments. This Madison felt was the last step to war.
Even thought the embargo was repealed in 1809 it's effects continued on. This economic boycott had a great effect on the nation. It affected the United States of America economically, as well as led them into a war it was not ready for. The United States had a weak navy and an even weaker army thanks to the Jeffersonian Republicans anti-navalism policy. Jefferson knew that if the policy failed it would crush the young republic, but he could not continue in the submission of France and especially in that of Great Britain.
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