electroplating
SPONGE IRON INDUSTRY:
THE REGULATORY CHALLENGE
Centre for Science and Environment
RESEARCH AND DIRECTION
Chandra Bhushan
Research
Sugandh Juneja
Contributions:
Kinjal Pillai
Himansu Patra
Kapil Subramanian
Design and layout
Surender Singh
We are grateful to the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst e.V. (EED)
for their support.
© 2011 Centre for Science and Environment
Material from this publication can be used, but with acknowledgement.
Prepared by
Centre for Science and Environment
41, Tughlakabad Institutional Area, New Delhi – 110 062 Ph: 91-11-2995 6110, 2995 5124, 2995 6394, 2995 6399 Fax: 91-11-2995 5879, 2995 0870
Email: chandra@cseindia.org Website: www.cseindia.org
Contents
CHAPTER 1: Indian Sponge Iron Industry
1. Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 An Introduction to the sector ………………………………………………………………………1
1.2 Capacity and production ……………………………………………………………………………1
1.3 Coal-based sponge iron industry ……………………………………………………………………2
1.4 Clustered spread ……………………………………………………………………………………3
1.5 Growth ………………………………………………………………………………………………3
1.6 Production process …………………………………………………………………………………6
1.6.1 Types of technology ………………………………………………………………………8
1.6.2 Resource consumption ……………………………………………………………………9
1.7 CSE study ……………………………………………………………………………………………10
2. Sponge iron: Environmental concerns ………………………………………………………………10
3. Social impact of sponge iron industry ………………………………………………………………11
3.1 Illegal operations ……………………………………………………………………………………11
3.2 Health impact ………………………………………………………………………………………12
3.3
THE REGULATORY CHALLENGE
Centre for Science and Environment
RESEARCH AND DIRECTION
Chandra Bhushan
Research
Sugandh Juneja
Contributions:
Kinjal Pillai
Himansu Patra
Kapil Subramanian
Design and layout
Surender Singh
We are grateful to the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst e.V. (EED)
for their support.
© 2011 Centre for Science and Environment
Material from this publication can be used, but with acknowledgement.
Prepared by
Centre for Science and Environment
41, Tughlakabad Institutional Area, New Delhi – 110 062 Ph: 91-11-2995 6110, 2995 5124, 2995 6394, 2995 6399 Fax: 91-11-2995 5879, 2995 0870
Email: chandra@cseindia.org Website: www.cseindia.org
Contents
CHAPTER 1: Indian Sponge Iron Industry
1. Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 An Introduction to the sector ………………………………………………………………………1
1.2 Capacity and production ……………………………………………………………………………1
1.3 Coal-based sponge iron industry ……………………………………………………………………2
1.4 Clustered spread ……………………………………………………………………………………3
1.5 Growth ………………………………………………………………………………………………3
1.6 Production process …………………………………………………………………………………6
1.6.1 Types of technology ………………………………………………………………………8
1.6.2 Resource consumption ……………………………………………………………………9
1.7 CSE study ……………………………………………………………………………………………10
2. Sponge iron: Environmental concerns ………………………………………………………………10
3. Social impact of sponge iron industry ………………………………………………………………11
3.1 Illegal operations ……………………………………………………………………………………11
3.2 Health impact ………………………………………………………………………………………12
3.3
References: 6a. Analysis based on data received from SPCBs under the Right to Information Act, 2005. 6b. Anon, 2007, Comprehensive Industry Document: Sponge Iron Industry, Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi, pg. 63-64. 6c. http://www.essarsteel.com/steel/profile.htm as viewed on May 5, 2010. 6d. http://www.ispatind.com/milestone.htm as viewed on May 5, 2010. 6e. http://www.welspunpowerandsteel.com/ as viewed on May 5, 2010. 7. Analysis based on data received from SPCBs under the Right to Information Act, 2005. 8 9. Analysis based on data received from SPCBs under the Right to Information Act, 2005. 10 11a. Analysis based on data received from SPCBs under the Right to Information Act, 2005. 11b. Anon, 2007, Comprehensive Industry Document: Sponge Iron Industry, Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi, pg. 63-64. 12a. http://www.essarsteel.com/steel/profile.htm as viewed on May 5, 2010. 12b. http://www.ispatind.com/milestone.htm as viewed on May 5, 2010. 12c. http://www.welspunpowerandsteel.com/ as viewed on May 5, 2010. 13. Anon, 2007, Comprehensive Industry Document: Sponge Iron Industry, Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment Forests, New Delhi, pg 14. Anon, 2008 – 09, Annual Report, Ministry of Steel, Government of India, New Delhi, pg. 51. 15 16. http://www.ispatind.com/milestone.htm as viewed on May 5, 2010. 17 18. Analysis based on data received from SPCBs under the Right to Information Act, 2005. 19 24. Analysis based on data received from SPCBs under the Right to Information Act, 2005. 25