Preview

Effects of Gender, Education, and Age Upon Leaders’ Use of Influence Tactics and Full Range Leadership Behaviors

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
3147 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Effects of Gender, Education, and Age Upon Leaders’ Use of Influence Tactics and Full Range Leadership Behaviors
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of Gender, Education, and Age upon Leaders’ Use of Influence Tactics and Full Range Leadership Behaviors
John E. Barbuto Jr & Susan M. Fritz & Gina S. Matkin &
David B. Marx
Published online: 5 January 2007
# Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2007
Abstract Relationships of gender, age, and education to leadership styles and leaders’ influence tactics were examined with 56 leaders and 234 followers from a variety of organizations. Leadership behaviors were measured with the Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ—rater version). Influence tactics were measured with Yukl’s
Influence Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ). Multivariate
Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to test behavioral differences attributed to leaders’ gender, age, and education groups, as well as the interaction of age and education with gender. Results show that gender produced a small direct effect on leadership behaviors. The interaction of gender and education produced consistent differences in leadership behaviors. Implications for future research are provided, and a call for re-analysis of previously published work is advised.
Keywords Gender . Influence tactics . Leadership
For every study that has shown differences in leadership behaviors based on gender (e.g., Carless, 1998; Druskat,
1994; Helgeson, 1990; Rosener, 1990; Thacker, 1995), another has shown no differences at all (e.g., Bartol &
Martin, 1986; Bass & Stogdill, 1990; Nieva & Gutek, 1981; van Engen, van der Leeden, & Willemsen, 2001). Some researchers (e.g., Eagly, Johannesen-Schmidt, & van
Engen, 2003; Leithwood & Jantzi, 1997; Lewis, 1998;
Thacker, 1995) have called for inclusion of contextual variables and use of more complex research designs to test the effect of gender on leadership behavior. We have answered this call by testing the interaction effects of age and educational level of leaders as a possible explanation for some of the mixed findings over the
Continue Reading
View Writing Issues

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Powerful Essays

    Bus 591 Final Exam Leadership And Organizational Behavior
    • 19747 Words
    • 79 Pages

    Bus 591 Final Exam Leadership And Organizational Behavior

    (TCOs A& B) What is organizational learning? Why is it important for firms to emphasize organizational learning? (Points: 10)…

    • 19747 Words
    • 79 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Stereotypes In Lord Of The Flies
    • 905 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Stereotypes In Lord Of The Flies

    Finally, this research will explore both gender's leadership styles, and scientific perception behind these differences.…

    • 905 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Theories Of Leadership Behavior
    • 376 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Theories Of Leadership Behavior

    Hughes et al 2014 defined leadership behaviors as actions taken in response to situations. Behaviors were defined as a function of personality, knowledge, experience, traits, intelligence attitudes, values, and interests. Available literature suggests that while some traits are common across studies, the overall findings suggest that leaders in one situation may not necessarily be leaders in all situations. According to the contingency theory approach,…

    • 376 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Comparision Matrix
    • 1527 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Comparision Matrix

    References: Bartol, Kathhryn M. and Butterfield ( 1976). Sex Effects in Evaluating Leaders. Retrieved from…

    • 1527 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Factors Influencing Leadership Styles
    • 347 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Factors Influencing Leadership Styles

    A leadership style may become an extension of a leader's personality. If an individual is outgoing and assertive, he may prefer to communicate directly with subordinates through face-to-face interaction or confrontation, either on a group or individual basis. If he is more reserved, he might choose to lead by example or rely on written communication. Rather than addressing a group as a whole, the reserved leader is probably more comfortable meeting with subordinates on a one-on-one basis to provide individual direction.…

    • 347 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Influence Processes a Leadership Analysis
    • 1022 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Influence Processes a Leadership Analysis

    A leader’s ability to influence and motivate followers is a crucial skill that effective leaders must possess. This is why organizations allow leaders to control many of the operational functions of the organization. By controlling several key operational components, the leader is able to direct and institute change throughout the organization. The purpose of this paper is to analyze leader influence models and present the practical implications of their use.…

    • 1022 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Best Essays

    Leadership Style And Behavior Among Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y
    • 3788 Words
    • 16 Pages

    Leadership Style And Behavior Among Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y

    Generation Y (born 1981 and 2000) is young worker, Generation X (born 1965-1980) is middle generation and Baby Boomers (Born 1946-1964) is older employers. Usually young workers want to make a quick impact, the middle generation needs to believe in the mission, and older employees don’t like ambivalence. It is important organization to take time and build the trusting relationship where each generation brings ahead their potentials and works towards the organization goal. The leaders should recognize the different work characteristics between generational groups and apply leadership styles that will positively contribute to employee motivation. As a result, due to the shifting nature of the job/task itself and the changing nature of subordinate characteristics and behavior. Leadership styles have also had to make changes. Accordingly, a task-oriented leadership style is more acceptable to Baby boomers but Generation X and Generation Y prefer to be managed under a relationship-oriented leadership style.…

    • 3788 Words
    • 16 Pages
    Best Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    Public Leadership: Correlation of Power and Influence
    • 1252 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Public Leadership: Correlation of Power and Influence

    Leadership in itself is the correlation of power and influence put to use to ensure that objectives are met to achieve satisfactory rewards (Rusaw, 2001). However, the main difference between private and public sector leaders is the intended target. The duty of the private sector is to serve its patrons and investors, where profitable business is dependent upon client sales, stakeholders, and its customer base. A leader in the private sector will make decisions based on financial gain and cost-analysis; a public sector leader’s obligation is exclusive to the public to provide essential services and communications in a more visible way. Furthermore, a leader in the public sector may make decisions that are not financially favorable, but are in the interest of the public. As an example, it can be argued that welfare programs are not a beneficial financial investment, but it is in the public interest to invest in these programs.…

    • 1252 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Leadership Behavior and Differences
    • 799 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Leadership Behavior and Differences

    Today’s organizations increasingly rely on the use of teams which are particularly salient when the team is in a state of transition between leaders. Transitions affect heavily the organization and the work teams in particular. In understanding team performance and the importance of meeting goals, one must observe the leaders –new leaders in particular to see how they establish themselves which has an adverse effect on the organization. The goal of this study was to examine the factors that affect(s) incoming leader’s ability to influence members of the team’s perception and behavior. When new leaders come aboard an organization with new ideas and display different levels of status relative to the existing team members- tendency to sway in that direction of leadership behavior is certain.…

    • 799 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Business Research Yearbook Global Business Perspectives
    • 32055 Words
    • 129 Pages

    Business Research Yearbook Global Business Perspectives

    (IABD) held in Las Vegas, Nevada, April 8 - April 10, 2010.This volume is part of the…

    • 32055 Words
    • 129 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    A Tale of Two Coaches
    • 1791 Words
    • 8 Pages

    A Tale of Two Coaches

    Coach Bobby Knight and his famous protégé, coach Mike Krzyzewski both share leadership styles and in many ways their styles are vastly different. Leadership is influence: it is getting people to deliver a set of results. Studies by Zaccaro, Kemp and Bader identified traits used by effective leaders such as cognitive abilities, extroversion, conscientiousness, stability, openness, motivation, agreeableness, social intelligence, self monitoring, emotional intelligence and problem solving skills.…

    • 1791 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    The Relationship of Power and Leadership
    • 2227 Words
    • 9 Pages

    The Relationship of Power and Leadership

    In the world we live in today the roles of power and leadership are often confused. Although they have similar meanings, they can be distinctly defined between the latter. The key difference between the two is the term of effect. Power is the exercise of leadership, and leadership is only defined if you have power. Leadership always involves attempts on a leader to affect behavior or a follower in a situation, whereas power is not equivalent with influence on another person’s behavior. Although power and leadership have similar meanings, they are certain differences that can point out what makes each other different.…

    • 2227 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Effective Nursing Leadership
    • 3086 Words
    • 13 Pages

    Effective Nursing Leadership

    Leadership research has expanded our traditional understanding by focusing on leadership behaviors at different levels and within different functional areas of organizations:…

    • 3086 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Effective Leadership Influence Paper
    • 847 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Effective Leadership Influence Paper

    In today’s organizations universally, effective leadership helps manages organizational goal attainment, while considering their team members skills necessary to produce the desired result (Starks, 2015). In essence, viable leadership should exhibit behaviors that motivate and inspire employees to change. Leadership qualities that influence goal attainment include the ability to fashion a transparent vision, the capability to center on performance progression, and the skill to encourage creativity, the aptitude to comprehend organizational culture.…

    • 847 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Influence is the Essence of Leadership
    • 540 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Influence is the Essence of Leadership

    The study of leadership has been divided into three areas: task-oriented, relation-oriented and participative leadership. There has been some sizable research on leadership behavior since the 1950s. Many of these studies taken on over this time period, mostly through questionnaires, has given rise to a number of taxonomies which Yukl proposes might be refined into the three jointly inter-reacting categories of task-, relations- and change-oriented behaviors. Dissecting the fields of study that cover participative leadership, delegation and empowerment, Yukl examines the research and looks closely at the model of participative leadership developed in the 1970s by Vroom-Yetton. This model assists leaders in identifying decision procedures in contrasting situations.…

    • 540 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More

Related Topics