Effective Communication in the Laboratory
]LABORATORY MANAGEMENT
]
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION INTRA AND EXTRA LABORATORY
ASSIGNMENT 3
DATE: 24 APRIL 2012
Table Of Contents PAGE NUMBER
Introduction 3 1. The communication process 4-5 2. Feedback 6 3. Types of Communication based on expression 6-7 4. Types of communication bases on flow 7 5. Internal vs external communication 8 6. What are the barriers to effective communication? 9-11 7. Elements of effective communication 11-12 8. Cross-cultural Communication 12
Conclusion 12 References 13
Introduction
What is effective communication?
Communication is the very basic need of any organization and any individual. An organization is unable to exist, function effectively or achieve its objectives without it. Through communication people are brought together as it establishes commonness amongst people. Individuals communicate 75% of their working time, while an organization communicates 90% of its working time (Srivastava, 2011).
As noted by Srivastava (2011) defining communication has been via many theorists, as the word has multiple meanings, ie;
According to W.H.Newman, “Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons”
Dr. Dalton McFarland says, “Communication may be broadly defined as the process of meaningful interaction among human beings. More specifically, it is the process by which meanings are perceived and understandings are reached among human beings.”
Even though managers spend a majority of their time communicating, an assumption that meaningful communication had taken place cannot be made. Many believe that once a memorandum, letter, fax, or e-mail has been sent, communication has taken place. Nonetheless, communication only occurs until information and understanding have passed between sender and the intended receiver (Guo & Sanchez, 2005).
According to Guo & Sanchez (2005)
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EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION INTRA AND EXTRA LABORATORY
ASSIGNMENT 3
DATE: 24 APRIL 2012
Table Of Contents PAGE NUMBER
Introduction 3 1. The communication process 4-5 2. Feedback 6 3. Types of Communication based on expression 6-7 4. Types of communication bases on flow 7 5. Internal vs external communication 8 6. What are the barriers to effective communication? 9-11 7. Elements of effective communication 11-12 8. Cross-cultural Communication 12
Conclusion 12 References 13
Introduction
What is effective communication?
Communication is the very basic need of any organization and any individual. An organization is unable to exist, function effectively or achieve its objectives without it. Through communication people are brought together as it establishes commonness amongst people. Individuals communicate 75% of their working time, while an organization communicates 90% of its working time (Srivastava, 2011).
As noted by Srivastava (2011) defining communication has been via many theorists, as the word has multiple meanings, ie;
According to W.H.Newman, “Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons”
Dr. Dalton McFarland says, “Communication may be broadly defined as the process of meaningful interaction among human beings. More specifically, it is the process by which meanings are perceived and understandings are reached among human beings.”
Even though managers spend a majority of their time communicating, an assumption that meaningful communication had taken place cannot be made. Many believe that once a memorandum, letter, fax, or e-mail has been sent, communication has taken place. Nonetheless, communication only occurs until information and understanding have passed between sender and the intended receiver (Guo & Sanchez, 2005).
According to Guo & Sanchez (2005)
References: Bappi, O. (2011). What are the barriers to effective communication? [web log post]. Retrieved April 22, 2012 from http://communication- business.blogspot.com/ search/label/Introduction%20of%20Business%20Communication Guo, K. (2005). Workplace Communication. (pp. 77-110). Retrieved April 20. 2012 from http://healthadmin.jbpub.com/Borkowski/chapter4.pdf Srivastava, M. (2011). Communication skills. Retrieved April 22, 2012 from http:// www.scribd.com/doc/49192446/unit-1 Principles of communication. (n.d.). internal and external. Retrieved April 21, 2012 From www.stamfordonline.com.my/.../DES%201201%20Lesson%201.pdf