Ecological Footprint
This Chapter is from the volume: de Sherbiniin, A., A. Rahman, A. Barbieri, J.C. Fotso, and Y. Zhu (eds.). 2009. Urban Population-Environment Dynamics in the Developing World: Case Studies and Lessons Learned. Paris: Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography (CICRED) (316 pages). Available at http://www.populationenvironmentresearch.org/workshops.jsp#W2007
AN ASSESSMENT OF URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH. A CASE STUDY: DELHI, INDIA
Atiqur RAHMAN
Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India
Maik NETZBAND
Centre for Environmental Research, Department Urban Ecology, Environmental Planning and Transport, Leipzig, Germany
Alka SINGH Javed MALLICK
Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India
Abstract
India’s cities are growing rapidly, resulting in a wide variety of environmental stresses. In this paper an integrated approach using satellite data and GIS techniques in conjunction with socio-economic data is used to assess urban environmental issues in Delhi. Delhi’s current population of 13.8 million is growing rapidly, and is projected to reach 22.4 million by 2021. The issues addressed in this paper include: changes in land use/land cover
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(1992-2004); changes in surface temperatures for 2001 and 2005; solid waste generation, collection and its management; and industrial pollution (i.e. air, waste water and noise). The results show that Delhi is developing very rapidly mainly in the west, south-west and eastern sides. The study shows that a 122% increase in highly dense residential area was recorded during last decade in Delhi. There was a reduction (17%) in agricultural land because of urban expansion in the fringe areas. The pollution load has increased in terms of air, water, noise, and solid waste generation
AN ASSESSMENT OF URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH. A CASE STUDY: DELHI, INDIA
Atiqur RAHMAN
Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India
Maik NETZBAND
Centre for Environmental Research, Department Urban Ecology, Environmental Planning and Transport, Leipzig, Germany
Alka SINGH Javed MALLICK
Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India
Abstract
India’s cities are growing rapidly, resulting in a wide variety of environmental stresses. In this paper an integrated approach using satellite data and GIS techniques in conjunction with socio-economic data is used to assess urban environmental issues in Delhi. Delhi’s current population of 13.8 million is growing rapidly, and is projected to reach 22.4 million by 2021. The issues addressed in this paper include: changes in land use/land cover
182
ATIQUR RAHMAN ET AL.
(1992-2004); changes in surface temperatures for 2001 and 2005; solid waste generation, collection and its management; and industrial pollution (i.e. air, waste water and noise). The results show that Delhi is developing very rapidly mainly in the west, south-west and eastern sides. The study shows that a 122% increase in highly dense residential area was recorded during last decade in Delhi. There was a reduction (17%) in agricultural land because of urban expansion in the fringe areas. The pollution load has increased in terms of air, water, noise, and solid waste generation
References: Basu, S V S (2006) “Missionary Zeal”, Down to Earth, 31st Jan. 2006, 32-33, New Delhi. Census of India (1991 and 2001) Provisional Population Totals, Office of Registrar General of India, Government of India, New Delhi. Delhi’s First Human Development Report. Partnerships for Progress (2006) Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Economic Survey of Delhi (1991 and 1999-2000), Delhi. Hardoy, J E, Mitlin, D, Satterthwaite, D (1997) Environmental Problems in Third World Cities, Earthscan Publication, London. Jamwal, N (2004) “Beautification Drive”, Down to Earth, 15th May 2004, 44-46, New Delhi. Javed, A, and Pandey, S (2004) “Land Use/Land Cover Analysis for Waste Disposal”, GIS Development, 8(6), Delhi. Lata, K M, Sankar Rao, C H et al. (2001) “Measuring Urban Sprawl: A Case Study of Hyderabad”, GIS development, 5(12). Maithani, S, Sokhi, B S et al. (2002) “Environmental Effects of Urban Traffic: A Case Study of Jaipur City”, GIS Development, 6(12), New Delhi. Mallik, I (2000) “A Billion Strong or Weak?”, Down to Earth, June 30, 55. MEF (Ministry of Environment and Forest) (1997) White Paper on Pollution in Delhi with Action Plan, Government of India. Mishra, B, Singh, R B et al. (2001) Delhi Metropolis: Housing and Quality of Life in Million Cities of India, 1:196-228. Nichali, J, and Wong, M S (2004) Mapping and Modelling of Urban Environment Quality in Hong Kong. NRSA (National Remote Sensing Agency) (1994) Mapping and Monitoring Urban Sprawl of Madras, Unpublished project report, Hyderabad. NRSA (National Remote Sensing Agency) (2005) Quarterly Newsletter, updates@nrsa, 2(2), Balanagar, Hyderabad. Owen, T W, Carlson, T N et al. (1998) “Remotely Sensed Surface Parameters Governing Urban Climate Change”, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 19:1663-1681. Radhakrishnan, K, Adiga S et al. (1996) “Enhanced GIS Application Using IRS-1C Data-potential for Urban Utility Mapping and Modeling”, Current Science, 70(7 and 10). Rahman, A (2007a) “An Integrated Geo-spatial Approach for Monitoring Urban Environmental Management Issues and Challenges in India”, in Singh, A L, and Fazal, S (eds) Urban Environmental Management, B R Publishers, New Delhi, 76-105. Rahman, A (2007b) “Application of Remote Sensing and GIS Technique for Urban Environmental Management and Sustainable Development of Delhi, India”, in AN ASSESSMENT OF URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES… 211 Netzband, M, and Stefnow, W (eds) Applied Remote Sensing for Urban Planning, Governance and Sustainability, Springer-Verlag Publishers, Berlin, Germany, 165-197. Rahman, A, and Agarwal, S P (2007) “Environmental Impact Assessment of Urban Expansion Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques”, in Starrett, S K et al. (eds) Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 2, American Sciences Press, Houston (USA): 349-363. Rathi, R S, and Vatsvani, R R (1999) “Digital Mapping of Urban/Sub-Urban Environment of Dehradun Using SPOT Data”, in Sokhi, B S, and Rashid, S M (eds) Remote Sensing of Urban Environment, 123-136. Rindfuss, R, Walsh, S et al. (2003) “Linking Household and Remotely Sensed Data: Methodological and Practical Problems”, in Fox, J, Rindfuss, R R, Walsh, S J, Mishra, V (eds) People and the Environment: Approaches for Linking Household and Community Surveys to Remote Sensing, Boston, Kluwer Academic Press, 1-29. The Times of India (2006) “Car Boom Fuels Air Pollution in City”, The Times of India, Nov. 16. Tiwari, D P (2003) “Remote Sensing and GIS for Efficient Urban Planning”, in Proceedings of the Map India 2003 Conference, January 28-31, New Delhi, India, http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/urban/overview/ma03224.htm United Nations Population Division (2001) World Population Prospects: The 2000 Revision, New York. Voogt, J A, and Oke, T R (2003) “Thermal Remote Sensing of Urban Climates”, Remote Sensing of Environment, 86(3): 370-384. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the editors of this volume for their assistance and Mr. Alexander de Sherbinin, of CIESIN, The Earth Institute of Columbia University, USA, for reviewing and editing the paper and giving his valuable comments to improve the paper. Dr. Rahman also thanks Dr. Christophe Z. Guilmoto, of CICRED/IRD, Paris, for funding to participate in the June 2007 workshop on urban population-development-environment dynamics. Any remaining shortcomings are the authors’ responsibility.