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Earthquake Resistant Structure

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Earthquake Resistant Structure
Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, 6 (2006)

Seismic Pounding between Adjacent Building Structures
Shehata E. Abdel Raheem
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Egypt E-mail: shehataraheem@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: Investigations of past and recent earthquake damage have illustrated that the building structures are vulnerable to severe damage and/or collapse during moderate to strong ground motion. Among the possible structural damages, seismic induced pounding has been commonly observed in several earthquakes. A parametric study on buildings pounding response as well as proper seismic hazard mitigation practice for adjacent buildings is carried out. Three categories of recorded earthquake excitation are used for input. The effect of impact is studied using linear and nonlinear contact force model for different separation distances and compared with nominal model without pounding consideration. Pounding produces acceleration and shear at various story levels that are greater than those obtained from the no pounding case, while the peak drift depends on the input excitation characteristics. Also, increasing gap width is likely to be effective when the separation is sufficiently wide practically to eliminate contact. KEYWORDS: Seismic pounding; Adjacent building; Energy dissipation; Seismic design 1 INTRODUCTION A quake with a magnitude of six is capable of causing severe damage. Several destructive earthquakes have hit Egypt in both historical and recent times from distant and near earthquakes. The annual energy release in Egypt and its vicinity is equivalent to an earthquake with magnitude varying from 5.5 to 7.3. Pounding between closely spaced building structures can be a serious hazard in seismically active areas. Investigations of past and recent earthquakes damage have illustrated several instances of pounding damage (Astaneh-Asl et al. 1994, Northridge Reconnaissance Team 1996, Kasai & Maison 1991) in both



References: Abdel Raheem S. E., "Evaluation and prevention of seismic pounding between adjacent building structures", Third Egyptian Conference on Earthquake Engineering, EGYQUAKE 3, Cairo, Egypt, 6-8 December 2004, pp 253266. Abdullah, M. M., Hanif, J. H., Richardson, A. and Sobanjo, J., "Use of a shared tuned mass damper (STMD) to reduce vibration and pounding in adjacent structures", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 30, 2001, pp 1185-1201. Astaneh-Asl, A., Bolt, B., McMullin, K., Donikian, R. R., Modjtahedi, D. and Cho, S. W., "Seismic Performance of Steel Bridges During the 1994 Northridge Earthquake", Report No. UCB/CEE-Steel-94/01, University of California, Berkeley, 1994. Hao, H. and Zhang, S., "Spatial ground motion effect on relative displacement of adjacent building structures", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 28, 1999, pp 333-349. Hayashikawa T., Hirooka, T., Ikeda, K. and Abdel Raheem S. E., "Dynamic behavior of viaducts with PC cables in consideration of pounding of girders and energy absorption", Proceedings of Hokkaido Chapter of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, JSCE, No. 59, 2002, pp 50-53. Jankowski, R., Wilde, K. and Fujino, Y., "Reduction of pounding effects in elevated bridges during earthquakes", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 29, 2000, pp. 195-212. Kasai, K. and Maison, B. F., "Observation of structural pounding damage from 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake", Proceeding of 6th Canadian Conference of Earthquake Engineering, Toronto, Canada, 1991, pp 735-742. Kasai, K., Jagiasi, A. R. and Jeng, V., "Inelastic vibration phase theory for seismic pounding mitigation", Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 122, No. 10, 1996, pp. 11361146. Kasai, K., Maison, B. F., Jeng, V., Patel, D. J. and Patel, P.C., "A study of earthquake pounding between adjacent structures", Proceeding of 6th Canadian Conference of Earthquake Engineering, Toronto, Canada, 1991, pp 93100. Kawashima, K. and Shoji, G., "Effect of restrainers to mitigate pounding between adjacent decks subjected to a strong ground motion", Proceeding of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand, 2000, Paper No. 1435. Lopez Garcia, D., "Separation between adjacent nonlinear structures for prevention of seismic pounding", Proceeding of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 2004, Paper No. 478. Muthukmar, S. and DesRochs, R., "Evaluation of impact models for seismic pounding", Proceeding of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 2004, Paper No. 235. Muthukmar, S., "A contact element approach with hysteresis damping for the analysis and design of pounding in bridges", Ph. D Thesis Presented to The Academic Faculty, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, November 2003. Northridge Reconnaissance Team, "Northridge Earthquake of January 17, 1994, Reconnaissance Report", EERI, Oakland, California, 1996, pp 25-47. Pantelides, C. P. and Ma, X., "Linear and nonlinear pounding of structural systems", Computers & Structures, Vol. 66, No. 1, 1998, pp 79-92. 73 Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, 6 (2006) Penzien, J., "Evaluation of building separation distance required to prevent pounding during strong earthquakes", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 26, 1997, pp. 849-858. Ruangrassamee, A. and Kawashima, K., "Control of nonlinear bridge response with pounding effect by variable dampers", Engineering Structures, Vol. 25, 2003, pp. 593-606. 74

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