Preview

ERIC-PCR Analysis

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1242 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
ERIC-PCR Analysis
Introduction: Escherichia coli (E.coli) is a commensal-pathogenic organism which include a wide range of strains. There are several advanced molecular-genomic technologies that are capable for detecting and identifying different strains of E.coli. But, ERIC-PCR technique is a quick and cost effective method for determining individual strains via demonstration of strain specific fingerprint bands. Therefore, the ERIC-PCR technique was used to determine the isolated strains of E.coli from different animal stool specimens.
Material and Methods: The animal stool samples from hens, sheep and cows were obtained during 1 year. After screening processes, the E.coli bacteria were isolated and cultured using standard microbiological methods. The DNA
…show more content…
Among several PCR based tools, the Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR is a sharp and cost effective molecular-genomic finger printing technology for differentiating genomic dissimilarities among different types of strains. Indeed, ERICs are recognized as mobile DNA particles that are in association with miniature inverted transposable elements (MITEs) (4, 8-14).
The ERIC sequences are recognized in a huge number of bacterial genomes including Enterobacteriaceae family members like E.coli. The incomplete palindrome sequences are generally detected within transcribed areas in association with intergenic regions. Moreover, there are different numbers of ERIC sequence copies among bacterial species (15, 16).
The clonal variability in different bacterial species such as E.coli is achieved throughout the application of primers which are homologous to ERIC sequences. The gained patterns which are appeared in the following of PCR reactions are valuable for evaluating the level of relationships (17). For this reason, the major purpose of present survey is to determine the distribution of ERICs within the isolated strains of E.coli as an appropriate and quick molecular-genomic tool.
Methods and
…show more content…
The primers of 5'-ATG TAA GCT CCT GGG GAT TCA C-3' (F) and 5'-AAG TAA GTG ACT GGG GTG AGC G-3' (R) were applied. The process was performed in a volume of 25μl including 1μl bacterial DNA (E.coli), 12.5μl mastermix, 3μl forward and reverse primers (1.5μl/picomol per each), and the left volume was filled by 8.5μl PCR grade water. Finally, thermocycler was programmed according to table 1. Simultaneously, negative (PCR grade water) and positive (bacterial DNA of E.coli) controls were used to have an accurate observation for the results (12,

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Better Essays

    Negative Unknown Lab Report

    • 2965 Words
    • 12 Pages

    E.coli is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family which is also where Salmonella typhinurium is also classified. E.coli lives in the intestines of humans and can cause many infections ranging in severity. It doesn 't even require any growth factors, and can synthesize all essential purines, pyrimidines, amino acids and vitamins, starting with their carbon source, as part of their own intermediary metabolism (Todar). I was nervous about working with E.coli and bacteria because in general before starting this lab because of some of the symptoms they can cause. Especially intestinal swelling (MedLineplus). Even with that stated I have grown to enjoy this experiment and have learned so much valuable information that will benefit me in my nursing…

    • 2965 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Escherichia coli are gram- negative bacteria that are normally found within the gut of warm bloodied organisms. There are several strains of E. coli that exist as part of the normal flora of the human digestive system. They prevent harmful bacteria from establishing themselves in the intestines, and they also aide in the production of vitamin K2. Most E. coli strains are not harmful to humans, except for serotype O157:H7, which causes food poisiong and can be life threatening. There are other less common serotypes of E. coli. We will be discussing Escherichia coli O26, which has been linked to an outbreak involving raw clover sprouts.…

    • 1198 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Double Unknown Lab Report

    • 1229 Words
    • 5 Pages

    The purpose of this experiment was to isolate two unknown bacteria and perform a series of selective and differential tests to correctly identify each. After the bacteria was isolated a series of differential and selective tests following the dichotomous key attached were used to identify each bacteria. The Gram-positive bacteria were identified as Staphylococcus aureus with a positive confirmatory test, mannitol salt agar, showing consistent results as well for S. aureus. The Gram-negative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a positive confirmatory…

    • 1229 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Lab Report Part II

    • 1247 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Purpose: To be familiarized with the science and techniques used to identify different types of bacteria based on their DNA sequences.…

    • 1247 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Unknown Lab Report

    • 2145 Words
    • 9 Pages

    The purpose of this lab was to identify two unknown bacteria cultures using various differential tests. The identification of these unknown cultures was accomplished by separating and differentiating possible bacteria based on specific biochemical characteristics. Whether the tests performed identified specific enzymatic reactions or metabolic pathways, each was used in a way to help recognize those specifics and identify the unknown cultures. The differential tests used to identify the unknown cultures were oxidase, catalase, lactose and sucrose fermentation, Kugler/iron agar, nitrate reduction, gelatin hydrolysis, starch hydrolysis, manitol salt, MR-VP, citrate, bile esculin, indole, urease, DNase, and coagulase.…

    • 2145 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    A subset of this group of bacteria is known collectively as fecal coliforms, which includes the well-known E. coli, some strains of which are necessary for human health, and some which are pathogenic and can make you very sick. Although the beneficial strains of this bacteria aid human digestion, finding these bacteria in waterways serves as a warning for the potential spread of disease because they can indicate human or animal feces. Therefore, coliform bacteria are used in water quality testing as indicators of other pathogenic bacteria that commonly are found associated with coliforms, e.g., Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Klebsiella and certain strains of E. coli.…

    • 1041 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    E. coli can be found in ground beef, poultry, seafood, and even in highly acidic salami. Carriers of E. coli include cattle deer's sheep even vegetables, unpasteurized milk, apples juice and even local water systems.…

    • 574 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Unknown Microorganism

    • 1335 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Most types of Escherichia coli are harmless and are actually a part of a healthy human intestinal tract but some are pathogenic. It can be transmitted multiple ways; fecal-oral route, fecal contamination of water, food or fomites, poor sanitation and hygiene (General Microbiology Fact Sheet). A person can show signs and symptoms of Escherichia coli which include fever, bloody diarrhea, may result in hypotension with severe toxemia. The incubation period is 12-72 hours. Knowing the steps and process of finding an unknown is helpful when it comes to the different types of bacteria’s and which are harmful to the body and how to treat…

    • 1335 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Unknown Bacteria Report

    • 586 Words
    • 3 Pages

    An unknown bacterium experiment, this experiment was done to discover what bacterium was in a mixed culture sample. This experiment worked with enteric bacteria which are members of the Enterobacteriaceae and live in the intestinal tract (Willey et al., 2014). Also found in Willey et al (2014) is some characteristics of enterics such as they all degrade sugars by means of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, they produce plasmid-encoded proteins and that some of them perform mixed acid fermentation, some use enzyme systems like formate dehydrogenase and pyruvate formate-lyase (PFL) The first thing that had to be done was the streak plating to isolate the bacterium, then the next lab multiple tests were ran to help identify which bacterium was in the sample. One of the most important tests done was gram staining because it helped to limit the possible bacterium that it could have been. To be sure which bacterium was worked with we referred to the Bergey’s manual and compared the results to the possible bacterium.…

    • 586 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    27. Fecal coliform bacteria: various strains of E. Coli to detect the presence of infectious agents in water…

    • 2460 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    In todays world of ever evolving genetic mutations the incidence of drug resistant forms of microorganisms are on the rise. The importance of identifying these pathogens and their related epidemiology has become increasingly more important. The purpose of this study was to identify an unknown bacterium in a controlled laboratory environment over a 5 week period. Utilizing a variety of differential testing and staining methods learned in the microbiology course, students were to determine the identity of an assigned unknown organism. Observations were made and recorded each week to narrow down the scope of identification. Data has been presented in the tables, charts and drawings herein and reflect the results of microscopic observations as well as the differential tests results on various agars and broth cultures. Although all tests were not conclusive, the unknown organism labeled Unknown #11 was found to be a member of the family Enterobacteriacea and Genus Serratia marcescens.…

    • 1279 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Two experiments were done to identify an unknown plasmid. The success of these experiments came from the use of modern day technology involving gel electrophoresis. First, bacterial transformation to E. Coli DH5 was performed on our unknown plasmid along with two known plasmids, pAMP and pKAN, and a negative control TE, a buffer without DNA. By performing confluency streaking of bacteria in plates containing antibiotics, we were able to examine the recombinant DNA of the bacteria. After incubation of the plates, we analyzed the samples and found that our unknown plasmid reacted positively on the LB/AMP plate. There were a total growth of three colonies on the LB/AMP plate and a negative result on the LB/KAN plate. With this data along with the positive reaction of pAMP on the LB/AMP plate, we came to the conclusion that our unknown plasmid was pAMP. In our next experiment, we analyzed the DNA via gel electrophoresis. First, we had to treat our unknown plasmid. Three treatments were performed: Uncut (U), single cut (S) with HindIII, and double cut (D) with HindIII and Bam H1. The gel was then stained with Ethidium Bromide, often used in chromatography, in order for us to view the gel under UV light. A photograph of the result was then printed out. This allowed us to determine the migration of each sample along with the number of base pairs in each fragment. Standard fragments of DNA were used to determine the size of our unknown plasmid, which at this point was pAMP. With the use of both pKAN and pAMP plasmid maps, we were able to solidify our conclusion that the unknown plasmid was pAMP.…

    • 3383 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Identify Unknown Microbes

    • 550 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Next, an oxidase test was performed to eliminate one or more of the bacterium choices. P. aeruginosa was eliminated as the identity of the bacterium when the oxidase test results were negative. An EMB plate of the bacteria was examined to identify whether the bacterium was S. typhi or E. coli. The growth on the EMB plate was shiny and metallic green, meaning that it was positive for lactose fermentation. S. typhi exhibits intermediate lactose fermentation with pink or purple growth on an EMB plate, so it was eliminated as the possible identity of Bacteria A. To confirm the identity of Bacteria A as E. coli, an Enterotube test inoculated with Bacteria A was observed. The Biocode confirmed the identity of Bacteria A as E.…

    • 550 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    lab report

    • 2100 Words
    • 9 Pages

    INTRODUCTION There are many reasons for knowing the identity of microorganisms. The reasons range from the knowing the causative agent of a disease to knowing the correct microorganism in order to make antibiotics. This study was done by applying the following methods; OF Glucose, Indole Production, and Malonate Utilization test for the identification of an unknown bacterium. The methods will assist in determining the unknown bacterium found in a 55 year old male that was passing blood and mucous in his stool. The patient had no pain but mild discomfort during bowel movements. The doctor noted inflammation of the lining of the rectum. The doctor removed a tissue sample for examination and referred the patient to a gastroenterologist for a barium xray and colonoscopy. While utilizing the methods stated above, the bacterium found was a facultative anaerobe due to the Gram Negative Rods, fermentation, and the production of indole. The specific Gram Negative Enteric Bacilli was Shigella dysenteriae. There are many reasons for knowing how to control bacterial growth as well as such as antimicrobial drugs, which assist the body’s defenses against pathogens. Microorganisms are capable of causing infection or spoilage. Controlling bacterial growth is important in poultry farm businesses that use equipment to decontaminate processing plant fluids before disposal. During quality control and safety evaluations, bacteria growth that needs to be controlled can be found. While controlling bacterial growth, clusters of Gram Positive Cocci were found. It was found some ways to control bacterial growth were disinfection, sterilization, antisepsis, sanitization, moist and dry heat, filtration, and radiation; just to name a few. The specific method used for control depends on various circumstances.…

    • 2100 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    E Coli Essay

    • 282 Words
    • 2 Pages

    E coli is an emerging cause of food borne illness. An estimated 73,000 cases of infection and 61 deaths occur in the United States each year. Infection occasionally leads to kidney failure. Most illness has been associated with eating undercooked, contaminated ground beef. Person-to-person contact in families and child care centres is also an important mode of transmission. Infection can also occur after drinking raw milk and after swimming in or drinking sewage-contaminated water. People can prevent E coli infection by thoroughly cooking ground beef, avoiding unpasteurized milk, and washing hands carefully. Due to the fact that the organisms live in the intestines of healthy cattle, preventive measures on cattle farms and during meat processing are being investigated. E coli is a gram negative bacterium which has been most commonly found in the lower intestine of warm blooded organisms. Most strains of e coli have been proven harmless, but a percentage of these strains can cause serious food poisoning in humans. E coli normally lives inside your intestines, where it helps your body break down and digest the food you…

    • 282 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays