Understanding National and Organizational Culture
Literature Review
2.1 Introduction to the chapter
Many research and studies have been proposed to explain and attempt to provide a clear indication to the extent in which culture, as a factor, have been involve in shaping up the choice of business ventures, particularly in the Asia context. Although the literature covers a wide variety of such theories and studies, this chapter will focus along the concepts of 3 main themes which will emerge repeatedly throughout the literature reviewed. These themes are: national and organizational culture of companies in Asia country, the role of culture and its importance in the area of business practices and decisions and how government/s plays its role in the aspect of shaping the culture in Asia countries. Although the literature presents these themes in a variety of contexts, this literature review will primarily focus on understanding cultures, the role and the importance of culture in shaping up the choice of business ventures in Asia market.
2.2 Introduction to Culture in Asia Country: National and Organizational Culture
The term ‘culture’, defined by Fletcher and Fang (2006) is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another and is also the guider of selection of appropriate responses in social situations, social interactions and business interactions trait. But what exactly are the types of cultures in that is more highly related to business, especially in the Asia country? Denison, Haaland & Goelzer (2003) provided 2 main streams of business-focus culture, “National culture of the local country and the organizational culture of local companies functioning in the Asia country”. These two main streams of culture serve as a basis but a practical and essential factor in understanding the culture in Asia country.
2.2.1 Understanding National and Organizational Culture
Much research has been done to carefully define the meaning of national and
2.1 Introduction to the chapter
Many research and studies have been proposed to explain and attempt to provide a clear indication to the extent in which culture, as a factor, have been involve in shaping up the choice of business ventures, particularly in the Asia context. Although the literature covers a wide variety of such theories and studies, this chapter will focus along the concepts of 3 main themes which will emerge repeatedly throughout the literature reviewed. These themes are: national and organizational culture of companies in Asia country, the role of culture and its importance in the area of business practices and decisions and how government/s plays its role in the aspect of shaping the culture in Asia countries. Although the literature presents these themes in a variety of contexts, this literature review will primarily focus on understanding cultures, the role and the importance of culture in shaping up the choice of business ventures in Asia market.
2.2 Introduction to Culture in Asia Country: National and Organizational Culture
The term ‘culture’, defined by Fletcher and Fang (2006) is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another and is also the guider of selection of appropriate responses in social situations, social interactions and business interactions trait. But what exactly are the types of cultures in that is more highly related to business, especially in the Asia country? Denison, Haaland & Goelzer (2003) provided 2 main streams of business-focus culture, “National culture of the local country and the organizational culture of local companies functioning in the Asia country”. These two main streams of culture serve as a basis but a practical and essential factor in understanding the culture in Asia country.
2.2.1 Understanding National and Organizational Culture
Much research has been done to carefully define the meaning of national and