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Disadvantages Of Ventilasi Mekanik

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Disadvantages Of Ventilasi Mekanik
11
BAB II
KAJIAN PUSTAKA, KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN DAN HIPOTESIS
Pada bab ini akan dibahas mengenai kajian pustaka, kerangka pemikiran, dan hipotesis. Adapun sub pokok bahasan yang dibahas dalam kajian pustaka yaitu konsep dasar ventilasi mekanik, endotracheal tube (ETT), dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perubahan tekanan cuff ETT.
2.1 Kajian Pustaka
2.1.1 Ventilasi Mekanik
2.1.1.1 Konsep Dasar Ventilasi Mekanik
Ventilasi mekanik merupakan suatu proses penggunaan alat untuk memfasilitasi transport oksigen dan karbondioksida antara atmosfer dan alveolus dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pertukaran gas (Urden, Stacy, & Lough, 2010). Sedangkan menurut Smeltzer & Bare (2001) ventilasi mekanik adalah alat pernapasan bertekanan negatif atau positif
…show more content…
Peningkatan tekanan ini akan mendesak ke semua struktur dalam paru yaitu dinding alveoli, bronkiolus, bronki, bronkus, trakea, dan termasuk cuff ETT. Selain itu, peningkatan resistensi airway akan menyebabkan peningkatan peak airway pressure (PAP). Peningkatan PAP ini akan berdampak terhadap peningkatan diameter trakea yang dapat menyebabkan perubahan tekanan cuff ETT (Guyton, & Banner, 1997).
2) Posisi leher
Posisi leher dapat memengaruhi tekanan cuff ETT. Namun demikian, belum ditemukan literatur yang menjelaskan secara jelas proses patofisiologis pengaruh posisi leher terhadap tekanan cuff ETT.
Brimacombe, Keller, Giampalmo, Sparr, & Berry (1999) mengungkapkan bahwa tekanan cuff ETT akan mengalami perubahan pada saat posisi leher ekstensi dan leher fleksi dibandingkan pada saat posisi leher netral. Pada posisi leher netral kepala dan dagu berada pada satu garis lurus. Sehingga, cuff ETT tidak tertekuk seperti pada posisi leher fleksi maupun terdorong ke dalam seperti pada posisi leher ekstensi. Posisi leher ekstensi merupakan posisi kepala dan leher ditarik ke arah belakang. Posisi leher ekstensi menyebabkan trachea memanjang dan jalan nafas lebih terbuka. Hal ini mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan tekanan cuff
…show more content…
Tekanan
Cuff ETT
Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perubahan tekanan cuff ETT :
1 Posisi tubuh
2 Posisi leher
3 Suhu Tubuh
4 Intensitas Nyeri
Peran
Perawat
Pasien terintubasi
ETT dan terpasang ventilasi mekanik
Mengalami
Gangguan Pernapasan
Pasien Kritis
Over
Inflation
Under
Inflation
Tekanan Ideal
Terjadi
Komplikasi
Tidak
Terjadi Komplikasi
Monitoring
Tekanan Cuff ETT
34
2.3 Hipotesis
Berdasarkan kerangka pemikiran di atas maka hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah :
2.3.1 Hipotesis Mayor
Ada hubungan antara posisi tubuh, posisi leher, suhu tubuh, dan intensitas nyeri terhadap perubahan tekanan cuff ETT pada pasien yang terpasang ventilasi mekanik di RSMH Palembang
2.3.2 Hipotesis Minor
1) Ada hubungan antara posisi tubuh dengan perubahan tekanan cuff ETT pada pasien yang terpasang ventilasi mekanik di RSMH Palembang
2) Ada hubungan antara posisi leher dengan perubahan tekanan cuff ETT pada pasien yang terpasang ventilasi mekanik di RSMH Palembang
3) Ada hubungan antara suhu tubuh dengan perubahan tekanan cuff ETT pada pasien yang terpasang ventilasi mekanik di RSMH Palembang
4) Ada hubungan antara intensitas nyeri dengan perubahan tekanan cuff ETT pada pasien yang terpasang ventilasi mekanik di RSMH

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