Animals are constantly display agonistic behavior to speed along the process of natural selection. To truly understand the mechanics of agonistic behavior, the causes and various stimuli that encourage agonistic behavior must be studied. This research investigated three Betta splendens and their response to various stimuli in order to depict whether or not they reacted most strongly against each other. It was found that to a minimal degree, Betta splendens exhibited more aggressive behavior to other Betta splendens as opposed to when faced with a mirror. This insinuates that natural selection is occurring amongst Betta splendens at an effective rate. Further studies in this area may determine stimuli that move other species to behave aggressively and thus find cure for psychological disease that involve excessive aggression.…
E. Does the model of reciprocity depend on shared genes between the altruist and the recipient?…
3. Social Darwinism- The application of Darwin’s concept of “the survival of the fittest” to explain evolution in nature to human social relationships.…
References: Brooks, D. (2011). The social animal: The hidden sources of love, character, and achievement.…
He declares that “humans have the bigger brains of all” (109) which could be an advantage in social competition. Wrangham voices that primates with “more neocortex live in larger groups, form more close social relationships, and use coalitions more effectively” (107). This statement testifies why humans live in groups and can “outwit their rivals in competition of mates, food, allies, and status” (108). The author argues against Aiello and Wheeler and speculates that the “increase in brain size from austrlopithecines to Homo erectus occurred in multiples steps” (114). Wrangham proposes that the second brain expansion occurred when Homo Erectus became Homo Heidelbergensis and is accredited to cooking (114). The social changes brought about larger brains are not directly correlated to cooking, however they suggest that larger brains evolved the process of…
The beneifts of parental investment increases survival of the offspring which comes from survival of the fittest developed from the evolutionary theory.…
The idea of personal competence is always in you. It is independence and deciding your own choices and observing your obligations. You must comprehend and analyze your destination. It is going to the understanding in which something needs to change. For instance, personal acknowledgement is a wife abandoning her violent husband for she had enough of being battered. She has arrived to the conclusion in which something needs to change. Interpersonal acknowledgement is one or more individuals being together in deciding choices or formulating a plan. Political acknowledgement is the administration functioning to support the community and bolstering political cooperation.…
Drews (1993) defined dominance hierarchies as the pattern of repeated, agonistic interaction between two individuals, characterised by a consistent outcome in favour of the same dominant member and a default submissive response of its opponent rather than escalation, further developed by Cole (1981) who suggested that dominance hierarchies are characterised by routine displays of dominance, avoidance behaviours, and even fighting. A social hierarchy arises when members of a social group interact, often aggressively in order to create a ranking system. Within this ranking, individuals compete against each other for limited resources and the chances to mate. Alonso et al. (2012) proposed that during the reproductive season, some species establish a social dominance hierarchy which determines their access to resources and reproduction for individuals of the highest rank. Alonso et al also observed that, particularly in males, that ranking of dominance is relative to the size of the individual, and that in females, aggressiveness and reproductive ability determine the rank of an individual.…
*Social Exchange theory: We weigh the pros and cons of rewards and consequences of our actions…
Some survival of the fittest refer to a species such as bees (which are eusocial) They are 75% related to each other due to having one queen.…
The fundamental concept of the theory of social exchange is cost and rewards. This means that cost and reward comparisons drive human decisions and behavior. Costs are the negative consequences of a decision, such as time, money and energy. Rewards are the positive results of social exchanges. Therefore, the generally accepted idea is that people will subtract the costs from the rewards in order to calculate value. For example, a person asks an acquaintance to help them move, but they only slightly know each other. The acquaintenance will assess their relationship history, the state of their relationship and the potential benefits. If the acquaintenance doesn’t feel close to the person and doesn’t plan on pursuing a social relationship, they may decline. However, if the person promises certain favors, such as helping out the acquaintance with a difficult problem, they may…
sociality to be coupled over evolutionary time. In this study, we analyze data on sociality and relative brain size for 206 species…
By definition, natural selection theory is whereby the organisms that have adapted well to the environment can survive even during the times of scarcity and have offspring. The theory involves both competition and cooperation. According to Darwin, competition and cooperation are related to power such that, in life competition will always be there where people and animals must strive for the scarce resources (Darwin 29). During the competition, the strong ones will win and take the power. Cooperation is a key factor during competition. Only those who tend to cooperate with their members have high chances of winning. Also, the interrelationship between cooperation and competition can give rise to power where those who…
Diamond proposes that one evolutionary advantage that we have is longevity. Discuss the implications of this advantage in evolutionary terms.…
A major problem with natural selection as an adaptive mechanism is that it is slow. —true…