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Students say that Croatian helps them to better understand the foreign language and they find it useful when the English teacher speaks sometimes in the mother tongue. Bates and Whiney [11] in their competition model also advocate that the mother tongue have a significant influence in learning the foreign language because students often try to find language equivalents in their mother tongue and confide in the language rules of the mother tongue. So, before learning the foreign language they have the language awareness developed that helps them draw parallels between languages and see the differences.…
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Although Russia has been on a steady increase for the past seven years the average income is still fairly low. In Russia the average monthly income per person is $540 dollars with a total yearly sum of $6,480. However, unlike counterparts in the United States consumers in Russia have a significantly higher percentage of earnings available for discretionary spending. According to Newsweek Russian consumers are able to allot up to 70% of their earnings to discretionary spending as opposed to 40% by their American counterparts.…
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America and Russia are two countries who always seem to be in the news. Normally, when the two are used in the same sentence, there is a lot of tension in the air. Russia and America have had a rocky relationship since the Cold War ended back in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Both are very influential countries despite always bumping heads. As you can imagine, their cultures are very different.…
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Context Nowadays, in University, scholars need to learn another language besides their own mother tongue. They will like to learn English language which is the second language we can learn. As a language, there are a lot of skills which we must learn, such as, reading, writing, listening and speaking. What actually reading is? Reading means the action or skill of reading written or printed matter silently or aloud. Moreover, it is also mean as the process of constructing meaning from written texts. Hence, it is not a skill that students must learn separately from other processes. Reading skill combines many complex activities include categorizing, building key terms and concepts for a subject, measuring one’s reaction to a subject, making new connections, abstracting, figuring out significance and developing arguments. In learning English Foundation subjects, there are some reasons for us to read. By reading books, we might become an interesting person. This happens because we can use information that we get from books or magazine to impress ourselves to friends or future employers. Besides, reading also can help us to learn how to write correctly. In this case, we will get good grades and also can impress our future boss who will promote us because we can express ourselves…
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Mandarin, known by many for being one of the most difficult languages in the world, is my mother language. Born in China eighteen years ago, I was raised in a Mandarin-speaking environment. Both of my parents have been speaking to me in Mandarin ever since I was a child. Mandarin is the language I usually spoke when I was in China and even in here I speak Mandarin with my Chinese friends. Studying the first language is a slow and natural process which is affected a lot by the environment. However unlike my first language, my second language, English, did not take a long time to learn. I learned to speak English when I was 8. Since English is compulsory course in my school, I had a one hour English class twice a week. I had an English teacher who taught me from everything from the alphabet to words and from grammar to sentences. But compare to the amount of time I spent speaking Chinese much over powered the time I spent speaking in English. This was of course an obvious consequence of being in a majority Mandarin speaking country. It is unarguable that both English and Mandarin, emerging from their starkly different historic backgrounds are extremely different in their linguistic and spoken styles.…
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The students in the American Language Program at Columbia University, interviewed by the author, Anita Wenden, of the article titled "How to Be a Successful Language Learner," proposed some strategies in learning English. Comparing those strategies to my own strategies, I find many similarities in how to be a successful learner. However, we have some big differences in the ways of using English, which is one of the strategies the students proposed.…
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In Amy Tan 's essay - "Mother Tongue" (1990), Tan tells to her readers that she was introduced to the language (English) in multiple ways. She gives many examples of different languages from the different experiences in her life. Tan 's purpose in this essay is to show how her mother tongue affected her English and made her improve her English. The author 's readers and audience is people of different nations and multiple languages.…
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Nowadays, English is the most widely used in the world and plays an important role together with the development of society and technologies. English is not only the effective means of communication but also show its progressive effects in many aspects of life.…
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In modern times, the English language is becoming increasingly popular each day. Its large vocabulary which is derived from many origins throughout the history of time presents a language which is not only rich, unique and meaningful, but also fun and interesting to learn.…
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This study strives to recognize the common problems we encounter when speaking in English or hearing someone else speak in English, the different attitudes towards the variety of the said language, our consciousness of the language errors we make, and what we do to improve our education of the language.…
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This compendium accompanies the 3rd edition of Greenbaum & Nelson, An Introduction to English Grammar (Longman). The compendium provides additional theoretical discussions of certain topics of English grammar, and contains a large number of exercises and study questions, most of which are also suitable for self-study. At the beginning of each unit in the compendium you will find reading instructions. It is suggested that before the lectures and workshops you first read the introductions (the text parts) in each unit in the compendium and then the relevant sections in the textbook. In each chapter of the book there is a wide range of exercises that you are also advised to do. Further, there is a companion website for the textbook with additional exercises and answers to selected questions in the book. The URL is http://wps.pearsoned.co.uk/ema_uk_he_nelson_enggram_3/ What is grammar? Grammar can be defined as a systematic description of a language. It is traditionally divided into two branches, morphology and syntax. Morphology is the study of the structure or forms of words. For example, in English the ending -s may be used to form the plural of nouns (teacher vs teachers) or the present tense, 3rd person singular, of verbs (I play vs she plays). Another ending, -ed, is added to verbs to form the past tense (I play vs I played) or the so-called past participle (The role of Dracula was played by Christopher Lee). Syntax is the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences. One such rule says that in English (and many other languages including Swedish) the normal word order should be Subject + Verb + Object (Elvis has left the building, not *Elvis…
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I know when I say I am going to talk about the language, many of you is thinking, “is the language we are talking here in England and the language they are talking in USA not the same?” And I understand why you are thinking like that, be course it is closely to the same language. But there are “Worlds of English” and now I am going to talk about some of the differences between the English you all here today is talking and the English or American that they are talking in USA or America. As you probably know there is a big difference in the dialects. There is also a difference in the way some words is spelled. Like freeway and motorway is the same. All of you here today would say motorway right? But in USA they will say freeway. An other example is to words that means the same but not is closely to each other like: cab and taxi, and like that there also is elevator and lift.…
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English as a school subject is both a tool and a way of gaining knowledge and personal insights. It enables the students to communicate with others on personal, social, literary and interdisciplinary topics. It gives insight into how individuals think and live in the English-speaking world. Communicative skills and cultural insights can promote greater interaction, understanding and respect between people with different cultural backgrounds. In this way linguistic and cultural competence contributes to personal development and fosters democratic commitment and a better understanding of responsible citizenship among people.…
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Life has changed. Political, national and economic considerations are closely interlaced with each other but they all influence the status of teaching English at this or that particular time. Economic considerations for teaching and learning English are more than considerations: they are imperatives. Globalization makes our planet a smaller place, integrating financial, information and trading systems, and the role of English in the process of modernization, science and technology is significant. Perestroika reached behind the secure barricade of the university walls, and brought new challenges. It reached all the institutions teaching English, and challenged the existing standards of language competence. The effectiveness of student’s performance (показатели знаний), which used to be viewed in terms of linguistic effectiveness (grammar, vocabulary, phonetics) acquired new dimensions of para-linguistic (body language, facial expressions – мимика, выражение лица) and extra-linguistic competence (cultural awareness). The bottom line (практический результат) of this competence is the effective usage of English for communication purposes in the future careers of students: thus performance objectives (цели обучения с точки зрения результатов) replaced purely educational objectives, or learning the language for its own sake. Tо provide the students with this competence teachers had to familiarize themselves with real-life situations and new relevant areas of knowledge which might require the knowledge of English on the part of our students. Innovative (новаторский, передовой) teachers had to acquire computer and business correspondence skills, to learn about negotiations and reports, and study the subject matter of customer service, business ethics and international business culture. Our audiences changed too: workers and engineers on the oil rigs (нефтевышки), accountants of…
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Learning a new language is a challenge for most people. All over the world, many people can speak two or more languages. There are hundreds of languages among the countries. Chinese is spoken by the largest population; however, English is one of the most popular languages around the world. What are the secrets to learning Chinese and English? This paper is going to discuss the differences and similarities between learning Chinese and English.…
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