Development Stages of Learner
46436_CH05_000_000.qxd
9/14/07 4:39 PM Page 1
© Jones and Bartlett Publishers. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION
Chapter 5
Developmental
Stages of the
Learner
Susan B. Bastable
Michelle A. Dart
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS
Developmental Characteristics
The Developmental Stages of Childhood
Infancy (First 12 Months of Life) and
Toddlerhood (1–2 Years of Age)
Early Childhood (3–5 Years of Age)
Middle and Late Childhood (6–11 Years of Age)
Adolescence (12–19 Years of Age)
The Developmental Stages of Adulthood
Young Adulthood (20–40 Years of Age)
Middle-Aged Adulthood (41–64 Years of Age)
Older Adulthood (65 Years of Age and
Older)
The Role of the Family in Patient Education
State of the Evidence
KEY TERMS
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
pedagogy object permanence causality animistic thinking syllogistical reasoning conservation imaginary audience
1
personal fable andragogy dialectical thinking ageism gerogogy crystallized intelligence fluid intelligence
46436_CH05_000_000.qxd
2
9/14/07 4:39 PM Page 2
© Jones and Bartlett Publishers. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION
Chapter 5: Developmental Stages of the Learner
OBJECTIVES
After completing this chapter, the reader will be able to
1. Identify the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial characteristics of learners that influence learning at various stages of growth and development.
2. Recognize the role of the nurse as educator in assessing stage-specific learner needs according to maturational levels.
3. Determine the role of the family in patient education.
4. Discuss appropriate teaching strategies effective for learners at different developmental stages. When planning, designing, and implementing an educational program, the nurse as educator must carefully consider the characteristics of learners with respect to their developmental stage in life. The more heterogeneous the target audience, the more complex the development of
an
9/14/07 4:39 PM Page 1
© Jones and Bartlett Publishers. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION
Chapter 5
Developmental
Stages of the
Learner
Susan B. Bastable
Michelle A. Dart
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS
Developmental Characteristics
The Developmental Stages of Childhood
Infancy (First 12 Months of Life) and
Toddlerhood (1–2 Years of Age)
Early Childhood (3–5 Years of Age)
Middle and Late Childhood (6–11 Years of Age)
Adolescence (12–19 Years of Age)
The Developmental Stages of Adulthood
Young Adulthood (20–40 Years of Age)
Middle-Aged Adulthood (41–64 Years of Age)
Older Adulthood (65 Years of Age and
Older)
The Role of the Family in Patient Education
State of the Evidence
KEY TERMS
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
pedagogy object permanence causality animistic thinking syllogistical reasoning conservation imaginary audience
1
personal fable andragogy dialectical thinking ageism gerogogy crystallized intelligence fluid intelligence
46436_CH05_000_000.qxd
2
9/14/07 4:39 PM Page 2
© Jones and Bartlett Publishers. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION
Chapter 5: Developmental Stages of the Learner
OBJECTIVES
After completing this chapter, the reader will be able to
1. Identify the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial characteristics of learners that influence learning at various stages of growth and development.
2. Recognize the role of the nurse as educator in assessing stage-specific learner needs according to maturational levels.
3. Determine the role of the family in patient education.
4. Discuss appropriate teaching strategies effective for learners at different developmental stages. When planning, designing, and implementing an educational program, the nurse as educator must carefully consider the characteristics of learners with respect to their developmental stage in life. The more heterogeneous the target audience, the more complex the development of
an
References: Collins, J. (2004). Education techniques for lifelong learners Covey, S. (1990). The seven habits of highly effective people. Doak, C. C., Doak, L. G., & Root, J. H. (1996). Teaching patients with low literacy skills (2nd ed.). Donner, C. L., Levonian, C., & Slutsky, P. (2005). Move to the head of the class: Developing staff nurses as Elkind, D. (1984). Teenage thinking: Implications for health care Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society (2nd ed.). Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton. Falvo, D. R. (1994). Effective patient education: A guide to increased compliance (2nd ed.) Farrand, L. L., & Cox, C. L. (1993). Determinants of positive health behavior in middle childhood. Fisher, E. (1999). Low literacy levels in adults: Implications for patient education Gavan, C. S. (2003). Successful aging families: A challenge for nurses Grey, M., Kanner, S., & Lacey, K. O. (1999). Haggard, A. (1989). Handbook of patient education. Havighurst, R. (1976). Human characteristics and school learning: Essay review Heiney, S. P. (1991). Helping children through painful procedures Hines, A. R. & Paulson, S. E. (2006). Parents’ and teachers’ perceptions of adolescent storm and stress: Relations with parenting and teaching styles. Johnson-Saylor, M. T. (1980) Seize the moment: Health promotion for the young adult Katz, J. R. (1997). Back to basics: Providing effective patient education Kennedy, C. M., & Riddle, I. I. (1989). The influence of the timing of preparation on the anxiety of preschool children experiencing surgery Kessels, R. P. C. (2003). Patients’ memory for medical information Knowles, M. (1990). The adult learner: A neglected species (4th ed.) Knowles, M. S., Holton, E. F., & Swanson, R. A. (1998). Kotchabhakdi, P. (1985). School-age children’s conceptions of the heart and its function. Monograph 15. Kray, J., & Lindenberger, U. (2000). Adult age differences in task switching. Psychology and Aging, 15(1), 126–147. Leifer, G. & Hartston, H. (2004). Growth and development across the lifespan: A health promotion focus Lewis, D. (2003). Computers in patient education. Matsuda, O., & Saito, M. (1998). Crystallized and fluid intelligence in elderly patients with mild dementia of the Alzheimer type