Deterrence Theory
This paper has highlighted deterrence and power-control theory to provide insight into why shoplifting happens but fails to give an integrated approach to this behaviour. Situational Action Theory (SAT) is a promising theoretical approach to integrating both person-oriented and environment-oriented explanations to shoplifting. Hirtenlehner and Hardie (2016) address deterrence theory and Gottfredson and Hirschi’s self-control theory as influential theories that often represent inconclusive results in terms of criminal conduct (315). This theory attempts to: capture the dependency of the impact of deterrence and self-control on personal and situational factors … while implies that controls only influence decision making when in a specific situation
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Hypothesis one, testing the joint impact of morality and deterrence, highlights that deterrence was associated with shoplifting frequency more often when actors have weaker shoplifting-related morality. If the individual believed they would be caught did not significantly relate to shoplifting frequency in adolescents with strong shoplifting-related morality. This supports the argument that the “influence of deterrence perceptions on the frequency of shoplifting is stronger for respondents with weak shoplifting-related morality” (Hirtenlehner and Hardie 2016:326). Hypothesis two, testing the joint impact of self-control and delinquent peers, highlights “for young people with a poor ability to exercise self-control, having criminogenic peers who are likely to be present in a shoplifting-relevant setting clearly makes a difference to shoplifting involvement” (Hirtenlehner and Hardie 2016:326). Therefore, the results support SAT’s understanding of shoplifting, which is not seen as an action alternative, regardless of the costs and benefits associated with the fact. The various types of control only become relevant when crime is not morally filtered from the range of action alternatives that are perceived by the actor (Hirtenlehner and Hardie …show more content…
The key hypotheses of this paper outline: (1) Individuals vary in their crime propensity, which is their level they perceive acts of crime an action alternative, (2) deterrence perceptions will influence the likelihood of crime involvement for those who are crime prone but will be irrelevant to those who are crime averse. It is crucial to determine how the role of deterrence experiences in crime propensity in terms of moral education and sensitivities to threats of punishment (Wikström et al. 2011: 405). Specifically, Wikström et al explained results that the subjects in their study more often assessed the risk of getting caught as higher for shoplifting than for vandalism. Complementing deterrence theory, the situational cues for individuals tempted to commit shoplifting are generally stronger influences to deter them from committing the crime (Wikström et al. 2011:410). Their environmental-orientation can influenced with deterrence theory as the environmental influences seen to deter shoplifting habits in the Weaver and Carroll study were visible personnel, mirrors cameras, and store
Hypothesis one, testing the joint impact of morality and deterrence, highlights that deterrence was associated with shoplifting frequency more often when actors have weaker shoplifting-related morality. If the individual believed they would be caught did not significantly relate to shoplifting frequency in adolescents with strong shoplifting-related morality. This supports the argument that the “influence of deterrence perceptions on the frequency of shoplifting is stronger for respondents with weak shoplifting-related morality” (Hirtenlehner and Hardie 2016:326). Hypothesis two, testing the joint impact of self-control and delinquent peers, highlights “for young people with a poor ability to exercise self-control, having criminogenic peers who are likely to be present in a shoplifting-relevant setting clearly makes a difference to shoplifting involvement” (Hirtenlehner and Hardie 2016:326). Therefore, the results support SAT’s understanding of shoplifting, which is not seen as an action alternative, regardless of the costs and benefits associated with the fact. The various types of control only become relevant when crime is not morally filtered from the range of action alternatives that are perceived by the actor (Hirtenlehner and Hardie …show more content…
The key hypotheses of this paper outline: (1) Individuals vary in their crime propensity, which is their level they perceive acts of crime an action alternative, (2) deterrence perceptions will influence the likelihood of crime involvement for those who are crime prone but will be irrelevant to those who are crime averse. It is crucial to determine how the role of deterrence experiences in crime propensity in terms of moral education and sensitivities to threats of punishment (Wikström et al. 2011: 405). Specifically, Wikström et al explained results that the subjects in their study more often assessed the risk of getting caught as higher for shoplifting than for vandalism. Complementing deterrence theory, the situational cues for individuals tempted to commit shoplifting are generally stronger influences to deter them from committing the crime (Wikström et al. 2011:410). Their environmental-orientation can influenced with deterrence theory as the environmental influences seen to deter shoplifting habits in the Weaver and Carroll study were visible personnel, mirrors cameras, and store